1) Biotechnology can be defined as the:

A) production of new mammals through cell reprogramming.

B) use of technology to identify criminals.

C) ability to reprogram cells by splicing DNA from one species into another.

D) use of technology to control biological processes as a means of meeting societal needs.

2) What is one of the advantages of producing human growth hormone (HGH) from a cloned gene in a bacterial cell?

A) The product can be administered by infecting a person with the recombinant bacteria.

B) A gene cloned from mice, rather than from humans, can be used.

C) The bacterial protein has a different amino acid sequence that is more effective.

D) Larger quantities are available.

E) As the protein is introduced therapeutically, it transfers the HGH gene as well.

3) What property of restriction enzymes allows DNA from different organisms to be combined?

A) Restriction enzymes cut DNA randomly, so any DNAs might be combined.

B) Restriction enzymes cut only small transformable fragments, not large chromosomal DNA.

C) Because restriction enzymes are naturally found in bacteria, they cut all transformed DNA.

D) If the same restriction enzyme cuts two different DNAs, the ends are complementary.

4) What is the most common way of introducing recombinant DNA into bacterial cells?

A) viral vectors

B) PCR

C) transformation

D) gel electrophoresis

5) “Bacterial transformation” is a bacterium’s ability to:

A) take up DNA from its surroundings.

B) connect DNA fragments once they are cut with restriction enzymes.

C) produce restriction enzymes.

D) produce proteins from another organism’s genes.

6) Which statement is a characteristic of plasmids?

A) They are very difficult to move out of and into bacterial cells.

B) They do not replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome.

C) They are attached to bacterial chromosomes.

D) They can be used to create recombinant DNA.

7) If a restriction enzyme leaves a sticky end on a DNA fragment, it means the fragment:

A) has a protruding end of a small number of unpaired bases.

B) will stick only to DNA from the same organism.

C) can attach to any other sticky end produced by any other restriction enzyme.

D) can transform bacteria without the need for a cloning vector.

8) Why are restriction enzymes that produce sticky ends valuable?

A) Sticky-ended DNA is easier to amplify by PCR.

B) The ends produced will stick to any complementary DNA from any source.

C) Sticky-ended DNA is easier to replicate in cells.

D) They produce ends that stick only to plasmid DNA.

9) The restriction enzyme EcoRI cuts between the G and the A of the sequence GAATTC. Which statement is true about this enzyme?

A) It will cut this sequence only in bacteriophage DNA.

B) It leaves sticky ends of sequence CTTA.

C) It will cut this sequence only in bacterial DNA.

D) It leaves sticky ends of sequence AATT.

10) Tobacco plants have had a gene from fireflies inserted into them which makes them glow. These tobacco plants would be considered:

A) mutants.

B) transgenic organisms.

C) clones.

D) vectors.