101.With few exceptions, which of the following substances or practices should be totally eliminated during pregnancy?

a.swimming

b.caffeine intake

c.artificial sweeteners

d.alcohol consumption

102.Which of the newborn`s body systems is severely damaged when the mother has used illicit drugs during pregnancy?

a.respiratory system

b.endocrine system

c.circulatory system

d.central nervous system

103.A positive relationship exists between sudden infant death syndrome and which of the following behaviours during pregnancy?

a.lack of exercise

b.high fish intake

c.cigarette smoking

d.vitamin C supplements

104.Which of the following foodborne illnesses is of particular concern during pregnancy?

a.listeriosis

b.E.coli

c.hepatitis

d.botulism

105.Which of the following vitamins, in toxic amounts, causes fetal malformations of the cranial nervous system?

a.vitamin C

b.vitamin A

c.vitamin D

d.vitamin B₁₂

106.A risk of heavy caffeine use in human pregnancy is that it may do which of the following?

a.worsen edema

b.increase the risk of infant death

c.increase the risk of birth defects

d.increase the risk of stillborn infants

107.In general, which of these is the chief consequence of nutritional deprivation in the lactating mother?

a.cessation of lactation

b.reduced quality of milk

c.reduced quantity of milk

d.reduced quality and quantity of milk

108.Which of the following is a function of prolactin?

a.reverse the effects of certain mutagens

b.reverse the effects of certain teratogens

c.act on mammary glands to stimulate milk release

d.act on mammary glands to promote milk production

109.Which of these causes the “let-down reflex”?

a.oxytocin

b.estrogen

c.prepartum amenorrhea

d.postpartum amenorrhea

110.The number of extra kcalories per day needed to produce a normal supply of milk during the first 6 months of lactation is approximately which of the following?

a.100 kcal.

b.250 kcal

c.500 kcal

d.1000 kcal