11) The building blocks of DNA are:
A) amino acids.
B) enzymes.
C) : 1380808.
11) The building blocks of DNA are:
A) amino acids.
B) enzymes.
C) phosphate groups.
D) nucleotides.
E) bases.
12) What is the relationship between DNA and proteins?
A) Genes are made of proteins that encode the base sequence of DNA.
B) DNA stores the information needed to make proteins.
C) DNA makes up the individual sugar-phosphate-base units of a protein.
D) DNA molecules are the enzymes that synthesize proteins.
E) Proteins store the information needed to make DNA.
13) What is one way that incorrect nucleotides are removed from a newly synthesized molecule of DNA?
A) Crossing over replaces regions with DNA errors with new segments of DNA.
B) DNA ligases both remove and replace incorrectly positioned nucleotides.
C) Any DNA strand with an error is destroyed, and an entire new strand is synthesized.
D) DNA polymerases remove incorrect nucleotides and replace them with correct ones.
E) DNA ligases remove incorrect nucleotides for replacement by DNA polymerases.
14) Imagine that the DNA replication error rate for a strain of bacterium that has a defective repair mechanism is 1 in 10 million. If the cell’s genome is 5 million nucleotide pairs, how often will the genome sustain a mutation in this strain, keeping in mind that both strands of a DNA molecule are replicated at once?
A) once every five cell divisions
B) once per cell division
C) twice per cell division
D) four times per cell division
E) once every ten cell divisions
15) What is the function of DNA polymerase?
A) synthesizing nucleotides from free sugars, phosphates, and bases
B) halting DNA replication if a cell becomes cancerous
C) breaking sugar-phosphate bonds to release free nucleotides for DNA synthesis
D) introducing mutations into DNA for evolutionary adaptation
E) joining together nucleotides as they are base-paired during DNA replication
16) Which of the following statements about the two strands of a DNA molecule is true?
A) An A base on one strand always pairs with a G base on the other strand.
B) The strands are a pair of sister chromatids.
C) The strands are connected to each other by sugar-phosphate bonds.
D) A T base on one strand always pairs with an A base on the other strand.
E) The strands have identical base sequences.
17) What is meant by saying one strand of DNA is the template for the synthesis of another strand?
A) A strand of DNA is taken apart to supply nucleotides for synthesis of a new strand.
B) One strand of DNA acts as a wedge to separate other strands before replication.
C) The template specifies the order of bases of the strand being made.
D) The new strand will have exactly the same base sequence as the template strand.
E) A strand of DNA is the enzyme that connects nucleotides in replication.
18) What are the products of the replication of one DNA molecule?
A) four identical double-stranded DNA molecules
B) two strands joined into one double-stranded DNA molecule
C) two identical double-stranded DNA molecules
D) a set of four sister chromatids
E) a pair of homologous chromosomes
19) How many different types of bases are used to encode all the genetic information in a molecule of DNA?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 20
D) 10
E) 5
20) The nucleotides in one strand of DNA are held together by:
A) bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the base of the next.
B) hydrogen bonds between phosphates.
C) bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the base of the next.
D) hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
E) links between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next.
11) The building blocks of DNA are:
A) amino acids.
B) enzymes.
C) : 1380808
