11) Which of the following accurately describes energy?

A) something that can cause movement

B) something that produces heat

C) something that has the capacity to do work

D) something that must be eaten

E) something that provides sunlight

12) The first law of thermodynamics states that:

A) energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient.

B) in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state.

C) energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

D) all living organisms must eat to derive energy.

13) The second law of thermodynamics states that:

A) energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient.

B) energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

C) all living organisms must eat to derive energy.

D) in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state.

14) What percentage of the energy stored in glucose do humans recover by cellular respiration?

A) 100 percent

B) 48 percent

C) 52 percent

D) 37 percent

E) 15 percent

15) During photosynthesis, plants use light energy to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide. However, plants do not use up energy during photosynthesis; they merely convert it from light energy to chemical energy. This is an illustration of:

A) spontaneous reaction.

B) chemical equilibrium.

C) the second law of thermodynamics.

D) the first law of thermodynamics.

E) increasing entropy.

16) Energy present in a system that is not usable to do work relates to the system’s:

A) thermodynamics.

B) equilibrium.

C) work.

D) entropy.

E) temperature.

17) Which of the following is true of energy?

A) It can be stored in chemical bonds.

B) It can be released by forming chemical bonds.

C) It can be transferred from one form to another with 100 percent efficiency.

D) It can be created from nothing.

18) Which of the following is endergonic?

A) cells breaking down glucose into CO2

B) the burning of wood

C) the digestion of proteins in the stomach

D) breaking bonds in starch to produce glucose

E) the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water

19) Which of the following is exergonic?

A) bringing glucose molecules together to form glycogen

B) plants producing glucose from CO2

C) bringing amino acids together to form proteins

D) cells breaking down glucose into CO2

20) In the reaction glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + heat, the:

A) products have more potential energy than the reactants.

B) products have less potential energy than the reactants.

C) products have the same amount of potential energy as the reactants.

D) entropy has decreased.