11.Which of the following elements of training is part of the progressive overload principle?

a.frequency  only

b.frequency and intensity only

c.frequency, intensity  and flexibility

d.frequency, intensity and duration

12.Which of the following defines muscle atrophy?

a.loss of muscle size and strength

b.muscle cramps arising from insufficient warm-up

c.muscle spasms resulting from too-rapid progressive overloading

d.alterations in heart muscle contractions when first initiating a fitness program

13.Which of the following terms refers to the increase in muscle size in response to training?

a.swelling

b.hypertrophy

c.mesomorphy

d.engorgement

14.How can athletes safely add muscle tissue?

a.By tripling protein intake

b.By taking hormones duplicating those of puberty

c.By repeatedly making muscles work harder

d.decreasing intake of carbohydrates and relying on protein for muscle fuel

15.How long should the exercise warm-up and cool-down periods last?

a.1–2 minutes each

b.5–10 minutes each

c.15 minutes each

d.2 minutes warm-up and 4 minutes cool-down

16.Which of the following is a direct result of cardiorespiratory conditioning?

a.increased flexibility

b.increased resting pulse

c.increased breathing efficiency

d.decreased blood volume and oxygen delivery

17.Which of the following terms refers to the effect of regular exercise on heart and lung function?

a.circulatory fitness

b.myocardiopulmonary strengthening

c.cardiopulmonary adaptation

d.cardiorespiratory conditioning

18.For maximum benefits, cardiorespiratory endurance activities should be sustained for at least how long?

a.20 minutes

b.40 minutes

c.1 hour

d.2 hours

19.A person who achieves cardiorespiratory conditioning may alter resting pulse rate by about how much?

a.-20 beats/min

b.-10 beats/min

c.+10 beats/min

d.+20 beats/min

20.Which of these measurements refers to the volume of blood ejected by the heart each minute?

a.VO₂ max

b.one-half VO₂ max

c.cardiac output

d.stroke volume