11. Which of the following protein-digesting enzymes is released by the pancreas?

A. dipeptidase

B. pepsin

C. aminopeptidase

D. trypsin

12. Amino acid pools in the body contain amino acids from which of the following sources?

A. diet

B. gluconeogenesis

C. protein turnover

D. both A and C

13. Genes are DNA codes for

A. synthesizing over 100,000 specific proteins.

B. synthesizing essential amino acids.

C. synthesizing nonessential amino acids.

D. degrading proteins.

14. Transcription refers to the

A. mRNA that carries the genetic information.

B. process of converting mRNA to a protein.

C. DNA sequence being transferred to the mRNA.

D. replication of the DNA sequence.

15. Surplus amino acids can be

A. used for gluconeogenesis.

B. converted to fat.

C. stored in the body.

D. both A and B

16. Which of the following can the amino acids in protein not be converted to?

A. glucose

B. lipid

C. energy

D. glucagon

17. Which of the following is a function of protein?

A. maintaining fluid balance

B. structural support

C. acting as a chemical messenger

D. all of the above

18. Which of the following is true regarding enzymes?

A. They are biological catalysts that speed up reactions.

B. They are nonspecific.

C. They are only used in anabolic reactions.

D. They are only used in catabolic reactions.

19. A buffer is

A. a substance that raises the pH.

B. a substance that lowers the pH.

C. a substance that can neutralize the pH.

D. a substance that does not affect pH.

20. Which of the following proteins is most critical for maintaining fluid balance in the body?

A. plasma proteins like albumin

B. transport proteins

C. buffer proteins

D. none of the above