111.What is the recommended composition of the post-game meal of the athlete?

a.low-protein

b.high-protein

c.low-carbohydrate

d.high-carbohydrate

112.Which of the following is the main indication for creatine supplementation in athletes?

a.to enhance performance of endurance athletes.

b.to increase muscle bulk in bodybuilders.

c.to enhance performance of weight lifters and sprinters.

d.to  induce short-term weight loss.

113.Which of the following conclusions can be drawn about carnitine supplementation as an ergogenic aid?

a.It does not seem to increase fat oxidation.

b.It enhances carbohydrate oxidation rate but not fat oxidation.

c.It raises muscle carnitine concentration but does not improve performance.

d.It promotes retention of amino acids but does not lead to increased muscle mass.

114.Which ergogenic aid would be best to enhance short-term, high-intensity performance?

a.Creatine.

b.Carnitine

c.Conjugated linoleic acid

d.Chromium picolinate.

115.Which of the following describes an effect of caffeine use in the athlete?

a.It stimulates fatty acid release.

b.It enhances performance for almost all athletes.

c.It raises blood pH to counteract the buildup of lactate.

d.It promotes absorption of electrolytes from the intestinal tract.

116.Why is hromium picolinate supplementation NOT recommended for athletes?

a.Chromium bioavailability from supplements is poor.

b.Athletes may obtain sufficient chromium from chocolate.

c.Chromium supplements enhance free fatty acid release but inhibit fatty acid oxidation.

d.Most recent studies show no favourable effects of chromium supplements on strength or lean body mass.

117.Why is caffeine an effective ergogenic aid for some athletes?

a.It slows depletion of muscle glycogen.

b.It enhances muscle creatine-phosphate.

c.It acts as a physiological and psychological stimulant.

d.Ite supports reduction of body fat.

118.Many athletes avoid caffeine use during physical activity for which of the following reasons?

a.Caffeine promotes fatigue.

b.Caffeine reduces glycogen breakdown in muscles.

c.University and national competitions prohibit the use of any caffeine.

d.Side effects of caffeine include irritability, headaches, and diarrhea.

119.Which of the following ergogenic aids increases the risk for acromegaly?

a.HMB

b.creatine

c.octacosanol

d.human growth hormone

120.What do DHEA and androstenedione have in common?

a.both are hormones

b.both are estrogens

c.both are phytonutrients

d.both are herbal extracts

121.Which of the following consequences of excessive human growth hormone use has been identified in athletes?

a.shorter life span.

b.weight loss.

c.shrinking of internal organs.

d.nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

122.Which of the following is a side effect of androstenedione use?

a.oily skin, acne and hair growth.

b.diabetes.

c.breast enlargement in both males and females.

d.reduced strength.