116.Cybele uses several sources of performance information for her eighth-grade English students.  She collects written work in class, she has the students prepare impromptu speeches that she scores for grammar and pronunciation, and she also assigns and scores the students’ homework.  At the end of the semester, she gives a final grade.  This assessment strategy will most likely result in

a.increased reliability of the individual measures.

b.increased validity of her decisions overall.

c.increased validity of the individual measures.

d.increased reliability but decreased validity of the measures.

  117.A fourth-grade teacher administers a mathematics placement test to his fourth graders, which includes several students who are members of cultural minorities.  Results from the test will be used to make decisions about students’ mathematics ability.  Performance on the test relies quite heavily on both students’ mathematics and reading abilities.  Which of the following can be concluded regarding the test?

a.The test is more valid because it tests both reading and mathematics abilities.

b.The test is less valid because it tests both reading and mathematics abilities.

c.The test is more reliable because it tests both reading and mathematics abilities.

d.The test is less reliable because it tests both reading and mathematics abilities.

Essay Items

   118.Describe the difference between formative and summative assessment.

   119. Describe the difference between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced grading.

   120.Describe the advantages and disadvantages of a percentage system compared to a point system for assigning grades.