121.Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of which of the following nutrients?

a.folate

b.selenium

c.vitamin B₁₂

d.iron and copper

122.The nasal spray route represents a safe and efficacious means for the supply of which of the following vitamins?

a.folate

b.vitamin B₁

c.vitamin C

d.vitamin B₁₂

123.Which of the following vitamin’s absorption is most affected by the disorder atrophic gastritis?

a.choline

b.vitamin C

c.vitamin B₁₂

d.pantothenic acid

124.Which of the following is a property of vitamin B₁₂?

a.It is efficiently recycled by the body.

b.It is necessary for protection from pinpoint hemorrhages.

c.It requires attachment to fatty acids for transport in the circulation.

d.It is absorbed from the stomach with the aid of a special binding protein.

125.A similar type of anemia is produced when there is a deficiency of which of the following vitamins?

a.either riboflavin or niacin

b.either vitamin B₁₂ or folate

c.either thiamin or riboflavin

d.either vitamin B₆ or vitamin B₁₂

126.Which of the following is a common treatment for pernicious anemia caused by inadequate absorption?

a.injection of cobalamin

b.topical administration of liver extract

c.oral supplements of B-vitamin complex

d.a diet high in liver and green, leafy vegetables

127.If a person refrained from ingesting any of the water-soluble vitamins, deficiency symptoms would occur for which of the following vitamins?

a.folate

b.vitamin C

c.vitamin B₁

d.vitamin B₁₂

128.Normally, the body’s storage and re-utilization of vitamin B₁₂ prevents a primary or secondary deficiency from occurring until after about which of the following times?

a.3 days

b.3 weeks

c.3 months

d.3 years

129.In a person who loses the ability to absorb vitamin B₁₂, approximately what period of time could elapse before deficiency signs develop?

a.1 month

b.6 months

c.1 year

d.3 years

130.Pernicious anemia results from a combination of lack of intrinsic factor and which of the following situations?

a.pharmacologic intakes of cobalamin

b.lack of hydrochloric acid

c.lack of pancreatic vitaminases

d.pharmacologic intakes of folate