127.A central component of language development that deals with the meanings of words and word combinations is called:

a.inner speech.

b.syntax.

c.language tuning.

d.semantics.

    128.The rules of language that we use to put words together into meaningful sentences is called:

a.syntax.

b.semantics.

c.grammar.

d.inner speech.

    129.The shift from “learning to read” to “reading to learn” occurs in about which grade?

a.First grade

b.Third grade

c.Fifth grade

d.Seventh grade

  130.A child saying “Banana” to mean, “That’s a banana.” best illustrates which of the following?

a.A simile

b.An overgeneralization

c.A holophrase

d.An undergeneralization

  131.  A child says, “Park!” meaning, “I want to go to the park.”  This language behavior best illustrates:

a.overgeneralized speech.

b.undergeneralized speech.

c.“fine-tuned” speech.

d.holophrasic speech.

  132.  Noah, a two-year-old, sees a cow in a field and says “doggie.”  Noah is illustrating:

a.a holophrase used in early language.

b.overgeneralization of the word doggie.

c.a semantic description of the word doggie.

d.egocentric language development.

  133.  Mom is amused as she listens to Joseph say “Dumptuck” to every moving vehicle he sees. Joseph’s language pattern best illustrates:

a.undergeneralization.

b.overgeneralization.

c.reinforcement.

d.corrective feedback.

  134.Pia says, “Here kitty,” when she wants her kitty to come to be fed. Then, seeing a cat walk across a sidewalk, her mother says, “What’s that?” Pia, not being sure, says nothing. Of the following, which best describes Pia’s language pattern?

a.Overgeneralized speech

b.Undergeneralized speech

c.Semantic speech

d.Syntactical speech

  135.  From Piaget’s developmental point of view, overgeneralization in language occurs when:

a.a preoperational child is reinforced for “cute” behaviors that are grammatically incorrect or invalid.

b.a child inappropriately assimilates information into an already existing structure.

c.a child creates a new scheme when an existing scheme is already valid.

d.a child uses one or two words to communicate an idea that adults would communicate with an entire sentence.

  136.Mrs. Almagro’s third graders are learning a great many new ideas and the terms that go with them, such as living thing, plot, fraction, and community. This important component of language development is best described as:

a.generalization.

b.syntax.

c.synapse.

d.semantics.

  137.In about the first grade, children begin to learn rules of grammar, such as understanding that “He went to the store,” is correct, whereas, “He goed to the store,” is not. Which of the following best describes the aspect of language development involved in understanding that the first sentence is the correct grammatical form?

a.Syntax

b.Generalization

c.Semantics

d.Transformation