131.Kwashiorkor typically develops in children of which of the following age groups?

a.Birth–6 months

b.6–12 months

c.18–24 months

d.2½–5 years

132.In kwashiorkor, the loss of hair colour is indirectly related to which of the following factors?

a.inadequate intake of tyrosine

b.elevated levels of blood homocysteine

c.excessive exposure to the sun’s UV rays

d.being nursed by a poorly-nourished mother

133.In kwashiorkor, what mineral is often present in an unbound form that promotes bacterial growth?

a.iron

b.iodine

c.arsenic

d.calcium

134.What is the most likely explanation for the fatty liver that develops from protein deficiency?

a.increased uptake of circulating fats

b.increased absorption of dietary fats

c.inability of adipose tissue to remove circulating fats

d.inability of the liver to synthesize lipoproteins for fat export

135.Which of the following often precipitates kwashiorkor?

a.the introduction to child care outside of the home.

b.marasmus.

c.breastfeeding by a malnourished mother

d.infection in an undernourished child.

136.How does the body respond to malnutrition?

a.Dysentery is common and leads to diarrhea and nutrient depletion.

b.Intestinal villi grow slightly larger to provide additional absorptive surfaces for nutrients.

c.Digestive enzyme production increases in order to extract as much of the ingested nutrients as possible.

d.Infections are rare due to limited availability of nutrients in the body to support growth of bacteria and viruses.

137.Which of the follow describes the typical onset of kwashiorkor?

a.It occurs gradually over the early years of life as the effects of protein inadequacy accumulate.

b.It is usually synchronized with the drought season.

c.It typically appears in 3–5 years old children due to poor nutritional standards in preschools.

d.It suddenly appears  in 1–3 years old children who are weaned from breast milk after the birth of a sibling.

138.What is the term for the illness a child develops when the next sibling is born?

a.marasmus

b.kwashiorkor

c.psychomalnutrition

d.post birth malnutrition

139.Which of the following is the usual initial therapy for the treatment of kwashiorkor?

a.fat replacement

b.energy replacement

c.protein replacement

d.fluid replacement

140.Excessive amounts of homocysteine in the blood are thought to increase the risk for which of the following illnesses?

a.cancer

b.diabetes

c.heart disease

d.protein-energy malnutrition