131.Which of the following is known to be a risk factor for development of atrophic gastritis?

a.age over 40 years

b.lack of protein

c.Helicobacter pylori infection

d.avoidance of leafy vegetables

132.A marginal vitamin B₁₂ deficiency can impair which one of the body’s functions?

a.cognition

b.digestion

c.respiration

d.circulation

133.Among the following water-soluble vitamins, a secondary deficiency would most likely be seen for which of the following vitamins?

a.biotin

b.thiamin

c.vitamin C

d.vitamin B₁₂

134.Vegetarians at risk of developing a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency for which of the following reasons?

a.Vegetarian diets inhibit absorption of the vitamin.

b.Vegetarian diets provide insufficient amounts of the vitamin.

c.The fibre content of vegetarian diets causes decreased storage by the liver.

d.The fibre content of vegetarian diets causes increased excretion of the vitamin.

135.Which of the following foods would be the only source of vitamin B₁₂?

a.pecans

b.hot dog

c.cauliflower

d.whole-grain bread

136.A vegan vegetarian should include which of the following best sources of B₁₂-rich foods in his/her diet?

a.spirulina

b.miso

c.B₁₂-enriched soy milk

d.B₁₂-enriched yeast

137.The adult RDA for vitamin B₁₂ is which of the following?

a.0.5 µg

b.1.2 µg

c.2.4 µg

d.4.0 µg

138.Which of the following vitamins has an RDA?

a.biotin

b.choline

c.cobalamin

d.pantothenic acid

139.Which of the following is known to perform an essential function in the human body?

a.carnitine

b.orotic acid

c.methoxatin

d.pangamic acid

140.Which of the following is considered a non-vitamin in the human diet?

a.folic acid

b.lipoic acid

c.ascorbic acid

d.pantothenic acid