137.  Provide an example of when you were successful on a task, and describe how/why you were successful.  Provide an example of a time when you were not successful on a task, and describe how/why.  Classify your attributions based upon attribution theory as discussed in your text.

  138.  Sal Etimiea sat disconsolately in the back of the room.  Lindy Gorham, a first-year biology teacher, watched him and reflected about how she could help him become more involved in his schoolwork.  “He’s a good kid,” she said to herself. “He doesn’t throw Petri dishes across the room or anything crazy like that. He just rarely shows up, and when he does, he doesn’t do anything.” Offer an explanation of Sal’s behavior on the basis of each of the following views of motivation.

a.Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

b.Behaviorism

c.Self-efficacy theory

The Influence of Goals on Motivation to Learn

    139.An outcome an individual hopes to achieve is best described as a(n):

a.expectation.

b.need.

c.belief.

d.goal.

    140.Which of the following goals are most commonly set by students who lack self-confidence and have low self-efficacy?

a.Mastery goals

b.Performance-approach goals

c.Performance-avoidance goals

d.Social goals