141.At what grade level is a student’s tendency to adopt performance goals likely to be the highest?

a.Kindergarten

b.1–4

c.5–8

d.9–12

    142.Goals that focus on demonstrating ability, particularly as it compares to others’, are called:

a.ability goals.

b.performance goals.

c.learning goals.

d.achievement goals.

    143.Which of the following is a typical performance goal?

a.To increase understanding

b.To outperform peers

c.To improve personal performance

d.To master a task

    144. When a learner adopts a goal orientation that is characterized by an emphasis on concerns about looking incompetent or being judged unfavorably, that learner is said to have adopted a:

a.mastery-avoidance goal.

b.performance-avoidance goal.

c.mastery-approach goal.

d.performance-approach goal.

    145.The most detrimental type of goal orientation for learning outcomes is a:

a.social goal.

b.performance-avoidance goal.

c.mastery goal.

d.performance-approach goal.

    146.Of the following, which is accurate regarding social goals and motivation to learn?

a.The relationship between social goals and motivation to learn is generally high and positive.

b.The relationship between social goals and motivation to learn is generally high and negative.

c.The relationship between social goals and motivation to learn varies and may be either positive or negative.

d.The relationship between social goals and motivation to learn is generally low and positive.

  147. Which of the following is the best example of a social goal?

a.Assisting and supporting others

b.Outperforming peers on a task

c.Improving and increasing competence

d.Avoiding looking incompetent to others

  148.One of the characteristics of some middle school children is the wish to make minimal contributions, put forth little effort, and to be successful when tasks are easy.  These characteristics best relate to which of the following types of goals?

a.Mastery-avoidance

b.Social responsibility

c.Work-avoidance

d.Attributional orientation

  149.Marcus puts off studying until the last minute and then does not do well on the exam.  Marcus likely has which of the following goal orientations?

a.Work-avoidance

b.Mastery-avoidance

c.Performance-approach

d.Performance-avoidance