176.Which of the following is the poorest advice you can give the student?

a.Put all the important definitions on note cards, and practice with the definitions until they’re automatic.

b.Outline the chapter as you study for the test, and be sure you understand what topics are subsumed under the major headings.

c.When studying for the test, connect examples to definitions, and find relationships among the topics that will be covered on the test.

d.A few minutes before the test begins, take several slow, deep breaths to settle down and reduce anxiety.

Use the following example to answer items 177-179.

Mrs. Wood, a first-grade teacher, and Mrs. Augmon, an eighth-grade teacher, use praise in an attempt to motivate their students.  They are very liberal with their praise, strongly complimenting their students in class discussions whether or not the students’ answers demonstrate thought and insight.

  177.  If the effects are consistent with patterns identified by research, which of the following is the most likely outcome of the teachers’ technique?

a.It will be more effective in Mrs. Wood’s class than in Mrs. Augmon’s.

b.It will be more effective in Mrs. Augmon’s class than in Mrs. Wood’s.

c.It is likely to be quite effective in both classes.

d.It is likely to be ineffective in both classes.

  178.  Judy is a high-achieving student in Mrs. Wood’s class.  She responds to an easy question, and Mrs. Wood liberally praises her.  If Judy’s reaction is consistent with patterns identified by research, what is her most likely perception of Mrs. Wood’s effusive praise?

a.She will accept the praise at “face value,” i.e., a good answer to the question.

b.She will question Mrs. Wood’s sincerity, since Mrs. Wood effusively praises all the students.

c.She will think Mrs. Wood views her as a low-ability student, since she was praised for an easy answer.

d.She will have no reaction to the praise.

  179.Kristy is a student in Mrs. Augmon’s class.  She responds to an easy question, and Mrs. Augmon liberally praises her.  If Kristy’s reaction is consistent with patterns identified by research, what is her most likely perception of Mrs. Augmon’s effusive praise?

a.She will accept the praise at “face value,” i.e., a good answer to the question.

b.She will think Mrs. Augmon views her as a high-ability student, since she praised her effusively.

c.She will think Mrs. Augmon views her as a low-ability student, since she was praised for an easy answer.

d.She will have no reaction to the praise.

Essay Items

  180.Describe four ways in which teachers can increase their students’ situational interest in the topics they’re studying. Provide an example of each.

  181.Describe three ways in which teachers can help their students cope with anxiety.

  182.Describe five guidelines teachers can following in attempts to capitalize on students’ beliefs, goals, and interest to increase their motivation to learn.