21. _________ is a method to evaluate reliability in which a second measurement instrument is developed that is equivalent to the first and then administered to the same subjects.

A) equivalent form reliability

B) internal consistency reliability

C) test-retest reliability

D) Split half reliability

22. _________ test is a method to evaluate reliability through randomly splitting items designed to measure a construct into two groups and then measuring the correlation between the two groups

A) equivalent form reliability

B) internal consistency reliability

C) test-retest reliability

D) Split half reliability

23. __________ is an internal consistency reliability method that produces a reliability coefficient for all possible combinations of a set of items within a scale.

A) cronbach alpa

B) cronbach beta

C) pearson beta

D) pearson alpha

24. ___________ is the ability of a measurement instrument to measure what it proposes to measure and is free of both systematic and random error.

A) reliability

B) validity

C) consistency

D) nomologicality

25. __________ is the systematic process to evaluate validity by assessing the adequacy of the items used to measure a concept or construct.

A) content validity

B) face validity

C) construct validity

D) predictive validity

26. __________ is a measure of validity that assesses how well a measurement can predict future actions or behavior.

A) content validity

B) face validity

C) construct validity

D) predictive validity

27. __________ is a method of evaluating validity by assessing how well the measurement captures the construct or concept under consideration and how well it logically connects to underlying theories.

A) content validity

B) face validity

C) construct validity

D) predictive validity

28.__________ refers to the degree of correlation among constructs, and tests whether constructs which should be related, are related.

A) convergent validity

B) discriminant validity

C) construct validity

D) predictive validity

29. __________ refers to the extent to which items designed to measure one construct has a low correlation with items that measure a different construct.

A) convergent validity

B) discriminant validity

C) construct validity

D) predictive validity

30. For interval scales, researchers can analyze the data using:

A) t-tests

B) ANOVA

C) both of the above

D) none of the above