21) A cell produces how many ATP molecules from the breakdown of one 18-carbon fatty acid molecule?

A) 4

B) 16

C) 144

D) 32

E) 74

22) Which of the following is the maximum “healthy” cholesterol level in a typical 19-year-old male?

A) 230 mg/dL

B) 185 mg/dL

C) 200 mg/dL

D) 350 mg/dL

E) 250 mg/dL

23) The human body can manufacture ________ from acetyl CoA obtained during glycolysis or by the beta-oxidation of other lipids.

A) nucleic acids

B) high-density lipoproteins

C) cholesterol

D) low-density lipoproteins

E) proteins

24) Glycerol enters the citric acid cycle after enzymes in the cytosol convert it to ________.

A) glucose

B) pyruvate

C) glycogen

D) LDL/HDL

E) cholesterol

25) Beta-oxidation

A) occurs in the mitochondria.

B) is the process that breaks down proteins into two-carbon fragments that can be metabolized by the citric acid cycle.

C) yields large amounts of ATP, while requiring coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD.

D) occurs during glycolysis.

E) is the final step of the citric acid cycle.

26) Which of the following delivers cholesterol to peripheral tissues?

A) triglycerides

B) low-density lipoproteins

C) high-density lipoproteins

D) free fatty acids

E) glycerol groups

27) The process of deamination produces

A) keto acids.

B) high levels of proteins.

C) an ammonium ion.

D) acetyl CoA.

E) B vitamins.

28) Due to an enzyme defect, individuals with phenylketonuria cannot convert the amino acid phenylalanine to ________.

A) urea

B) tyrosine

C) ketones

D) serotonin

E) ATP

29) In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is

A) converted to ammonia.

B) converted to urea.

C) transferred to another carbon chain.

D) transferred to a molecule in the glycolytic pathway.

E) transferred to acetyl CoA.

30) Which is accurate regarding ketoacidosis?

A) Blood pH may drop below 7.05.

B) Blood pH may rise to 9.05.

C) Blood pH is not affected.

D) Increased alkalinity of body tissues occurs.

E) Conditions do not ever become so severe that coma results.