21. A father calls the clinic nurse because his 2-year-old child was bitten by a black widow spider. The nurse should advise which to the father?

a. Apply warm compresses.

b. Carefully scrape off stinger.

c. Take child to emergency department.

d. Apply a thin layer of corticosteroid cream.

22. A mother calls the emergency department nurse because her child was stung by a scorpion. The nurse should recommend:

a. administering an antihistamine.

b. cleansing area with soap and water.

c. keeping the child quiet and coming to the emergency department.

d. removing the stinger and applying cool compresses.

23. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by the bite of a:

a. flea.

b. tick.

c. mosquito.

d. mouse or rat.

24. The school nurse is conducting a class for school-age children on Lyme disease. Which is characteristic of Lyme disease?

a. Difficult to prevent

b. Treated with oral antibiotics in stages 1, 2, and 3

c. Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite

d. Common in geographic areas where the soil contains the mycotic spores that cause the disease

25. The nurse is examining 12-month-old Amy, who was brought to the clinic for persistent diaper rash. The nurse finds perianal inflammation with satellite lesions that cross the inguinal folds. This is most likely caused by:

a. impetigo.

b. Candida albicans.

c. urine and feces.

d. infrequent diapering.

C. albicans infection produces perianal inflammation and a maculopapular rash with satellite lesions that may cross the inguinal folds. Impetigo is a bacterial infection that spreads peripherally in sharply marginated, irregular outlines. Eruptions involving the skin in contact with the diaper, but sparing the folds, are likely to be caused by chemical irritation, especially urine and feces.

26. The nurse is teaching a class on preventing diaper rash in newborns to a group of new parents. Which statement made by a parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?

a. “I should cleanse my infant’s skin with a commercial diaper wipe every time I change the diaper.”

b. “If my infant’s buttocks become slightly red, I will expose the skin to air.”

c. “I should wash my infant’s buttocks with soap before applying a thin layer of oil.”

d. “I will apply baby oil and powder to the creases in my infant’s buttocks.”

27. Which prescribed treatment should the nurse plan to implement for a child with psoriasis?

a. Antihistamines

b. Oral antibiotics

c. Topical application of calamine lotion

d. Tar and exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet light

28. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) in the infant is:

a. easily cured.

b. worse in humid climates.

c. associated with upper respiratory tract infections.

d. associated with allergy with a hereditary tendency.

29. Nursing care of the infant with atopic dermatitis focuses on:

a. feeding a variety of foods.

b. keeping lesions dry.

c. preventing infection.

d. using fabric softener to avoid rough cloth.

30. Tretinoin (Retin-A) is a topical agent commonly used to treat acne. Nursing considerations with this drug should include:

a. teaching to avoid use of sunscreen agents.

b. applying generously to the skin.

c. explaining that medication should not be applied until at least 20 to 30 minutes after washing.

d. explaining that erythema and peeling are indications of toxicity.