21. A histamine-receptor antagonist such as cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac) is ordered for an infant with GER. The purpose of this is to:

a. prevent reflux.

b. prevent hematemesis.

c. reduce gastric acid production.

d. increase gastric acid production.

22. Which clinical manifestation would be the most suggestive of acute appendicitis?

a. Rebound tenderness

b. Bright red or dark red rectal bleeding

c. Abdominal pain that is relieved by eating

d. Abdominal pain that is most intense at McBurney point

23. When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize that which condition or symptom is a sign of perforation?

a. Bradycardia

b. Anorexia

c. Sudden relief from pain

d. Decreased abdominal distention

24. The nurse is caring for a child admitted with acute abdominal pain and possible appendicitis. Which is appropriate to relieve the abdominal discomfort?

a. Place in Trendelenburg position.

b. Allow to assume position of comfort.

c. Apply moist heat to the abdomen.

d. Administer a saline enema to cleanse bowel.

25. A nurse is conducting an in-service on childhood gastrointestinal disorders. Which statement is most descriptive of Meckel diverticulum?

a. It is more common in females than in males.

b. It is acquired during childhood.

c. Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse.

d. Medical interventions are usually sufficient to treat the problem.

26. A nurse is admitting a child with Crohn disease. Parents ask the nurse, “How is this disease different from ulcerative colitis?” Which statement should the nurse make when answering this question?

a. “With Crohn’s the inflammatory process involves the whole GI tract.”

b. “There is no difference between the two diseases.”

c. “The inflammation with Crohn’s is limited to the colon and rectum.”

d. “Ulcerative colitis is characterized by skip lesions.”

27. Which is used to treat moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease?

a. Antacids

b. Antibiotics

c. Corticosteroids

d. Antidiarrheal medications

28. Bismuth subsalicylate, clarithromycin, and metronidazole are prescribed for a child with a peptic ulcer to:

a. eradicate Helicobacter pylori.

b. coat gastric mucosa.

c. treat epigastric pain.

d. reduce gastric acid production.

29. Which statement best characterizes hepatitis A?

a. Incubation period is 6 weeks to 6 months.

b. Principal mode of transmission is through the parenteral route.

c. Onset is usually rapid and acute.

d. There is a persistent carrier state.

30. Which vaccine is now recommended for the immunization of all newborns?

a. Hepatitis A vaccine

b. Hepatitis B vaccine

c. Hepatitis C vaccine

d. Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines