21. A nurse is preparing a teaching session for parents on prevention of childhood hearing loss. The nurse should include that the most common cause of hearing impairment in children is:

a. auditory nerve damage.

b. congenital ear defects.

c. congenital rubella.

d. chronic otitis media.

22. Prevention of hearing impairment in children is a major goal for the nurse. This can be achieved through which intervention?

a. Being involved in immunization clinics for children

b. Assessing a newborn for hearing loss

c. Answering parents’ questions about hearing aids

d. Participating in hearing screening in the community

23. Which term refers to the ability to see objects clearly at close range but not at a distance?

a. Myopia

b. Amblyopia

c. Cataract

d. Glaucoma

24. Which of the following terms refers to opacity of the crystalline lens that prevents light rays from entering the eye and refracting on the retina?

a. Myopia

b. Amblyopia

c. Cataract

d. Glaucoma

25. A nurse should suspect possible visual impairment in a child who displays which characteristic?

a. Excessive rubbing of the eyes

b. Rapid lateral movement of the eyes

c. Delay in speech development

d. Lack of interest in casual conversation with peers

26. When assessing the eyes of a neonate, the nurse observes opacity of the lens. This represents which impairment?

a. Blindness

b. Glaucoma

c. Cataracts

d. Retinoblastoma

27. The school nurse is caring for a child with a penetrating eye injury. Emergency treatment includes which intervention?

a. Apply a regular eye patch.

b. Apply a Fox shield to affected eye and any type of patch to the other eye.

c. Apply ice until the physician is seen.

d. Irrigate eye copiously with a sterile saline solution.

28. A father calls the emergency department nurse saying that his daughter’s eyes burn after getting some dishwasher detergent in them. The nurse recommends that the child be seen in the emergency department or by an ophthalmologist. The nurse also should recommend which action before the child is transported?

a. Keep eyes closed.

b. Apply cold compresses.

c. Irrigate eyes copiously with tap water for 20 minutes.

d. Prepare a normal saline solution (salt and water) and irrigate eyes for 20 minutes.

29. An adolescent gets hit in the eye during a fight. The school nurse, using a flashlight, notes the presence of gross hyphema (hemorrhage into anterior chamber). The nurse should:

a. apply a Fox shield.

b. instruct the adolescent to apply ice for 24 hours.

c. have adolescent rest with eye closed and ice applied.

d. notify parents that adolescent needs to see an ophthalmologist.

30. Which of the following is the most common clinical manifestation of retinoblastoma?

a. Glaucoma

b. Amblyopia

c. Cat’s eye reflex

d. Sunken eye socket