21) An individual’s body composition refers to the amount of fat tissue mass as compared with lean tissue mass.

22) The type of fat distribution pattern associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease is known as pear-shaped fat patterning.

23) The shoulder-to-hip ratio is useful to assess one’s fat distribution pattern and future chronic disease risk.

24) The energy we expend to maintain respiration and circulation is known as the energy cost of physical activity.

25) The set-point theory suggests that our bodies are designed to maintain our weight within a narrow range.

Nutrition Debate Questions

1) High-protein diets are typically high in fat and low in carbohydrate.

2) The early weight loss often seen on a high-protein diet is actually a result of

A) a loss of water that is released when glycogen stores are broken down.

B) a loss of body muscle as the high protein stimulates proteolysis.

C) a loss of adipose tissue and total fat stores.

D) lower caloric intake.

3) Which of the following is the MOST well-known high-protein diet?

A) Ornish diet

B) DASH diet

C) Atkins diet

D) grapefruit diet

4) Which of the following is NOT a potential health risk associated with eating a low-carbohydrate diet?

A) low blood glucose levels, leading to diminished cognitive functioning and ketoacidosis

B) increased risk for heart disease caused by consuming too much saturated fat

C) increased risk for type 2 diabetes

D) increased risk of some forms of cancer

Questions from Chapter Boxes

1) Jill is 5’10” tall and weighs 167 pounds. What is her BMI (body mass index)?

A) 20 kg/m2

B) 24 kg/m2

C) 27 kg/m2

D) 32 kg/m2

2) Which of the following would NOT be useful advice to help a consumer save money when shopping for healthful foods?

A) Buy whole grain cereals, brown rice, and pastas in bulk.

B) Consume smaller amounts of leaner meats.

C) Buy frozen vegetables when on sale and stock up.

D) Buy organic foods whenever possible.

3) Which of the following would NOT be practical advice to overcome the “I don’t have enough time!” barrier to physical activity?

A) Force yourself to exercise at least 45 minutes every day.

B) When you are talking on the phone, pace instead of sitting still.

C) Meet your friends for a lunchtime walk, jog, or workout.

D) Skip the elevator and take the stairs.

4) Keeping a journal or log of daily food intake, including social or emotional cues that cause overeating, helps modify unhealthy eating behaviors.

5) The use of stimulants for weight loss is dangerous because the stimulants can

A) lead to dangerous losses of calcium.

B) cause hypercalcemia.

C) cause iron-deficiency anemia.

D) increase heart rate and blood pressure.