21) In metaphase I ________ aligned along the metaphase plate, : 1380782.
21) In metaphase I ________ are aligned along the metaphase plate, and in metaphase II ________ are aligned along the metaphase plate.
A) pairs of sister chromatids; homologous chromosomes
B) maternal chromosomes; paternal chromosomes
C) homologous chromosomes; tetrads
D) homologous chromosomes; pairs of sister chromatids
22) If a cell has a haploid number of 5, during mitosis there will be ________ chromosomes at metaphase, ________ chromosomes at anaphase, and ________ chromosomes per daughter cell at telophase.
A) 5; 10; 5
B) 5; 5; 5
C) 10; 20; 10
D) 10; 10; 10
E) 10; 10; 5
23) What process produces genetic diversity through random distribution of chromosomes?
A) alignment of the metaphase plate to one side instead of in the middle
B) cytokinesis
C) independent assortment
D) recombination
E) crossing over
24) What is the result of recombination (crossing over) during meiosis?
A) It ensures retention of genetic information and helps to preserve cell characteristics.
B) It binds homologous chromosomes tightly, so they do not accidentally separate.
C) It eliminates unused genes by removing them.
D) It allows the cell to complete DNA replication.
E) It creates chromosomes that are a new combination of paternal and maternal material.
25) Which of the following processes contributes least to genetic diversity?
A) crossing over
B) combining of gametes from two different individuals
C) independent assortment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate
D) duplication of DNA
26) What is the result of independent assortment during meiosis?
A) The cells that result have either all maternal or all paternal chromosomes.
B) Parts of homologous chromosomes are exchanged.
C) Both copies of a sister chromatid pair end up in the same gamete.
D) The cells that result are genetically identical to each other.
E) Genetically diverse gametes are produced.
27) If a 2n cell has three chromosome pairs, how many different combinations of chromosomes are possible in gametes after meiosis?
A) 16
B) 32
C) 8
D) 64
E) 36
28) If a diploid cell has 12 chromosome pairs, how many different combinations of chromosomes are possible in gametes after meiosis?
A) 1220
B) 122
C) 212
D) 1012
E) 1212
29) What factors produce genetic diversity in bacteria?
A) crossing over
B) mitosis
C) crossing over and independent assortment
D) mutation and gene transfer
30) Imagine you start a population of 1 million bacteria from a single bacterial cell. Now imagine that a population this large is started from a male and female housefly. How would these two populations differ?
A) The cells of the bacterial population would be larger on average than the cells that make up the houseflies.
B) Individuals of the housefly population would differ genetically from each other much more than would cells of the bacterial population.
C) No cells of the housefly population would ever divide by meiosis, but some cells of the bacterial population would divide by meiosis.
D) The cells of the bacterial population would differ genetically from each other much more than would individuals of the housefly population.
E) No cells of the bacterial population would ever divide by binary fission, but some cells of the housefly population would divide by binary fission.
21) In metaphase I ________ aligned along the metaphase plate, : 1380782
