21. Pathologic changes in the liver caused by cirrhosis include

a. fatty infiltration.

b. spongy tissue formation.

c. gallstone formation.

d. edema and swelling.

22. The major nutrition problem related to development of ascites is

a. protein deficiency.

b. excessive fat intake.

c. deficiency of digestive enzymes.

d. excessive sodium intake.

23. Nutrition therapy for the patient with cirrhosis includes a diet that is

a. low in sodium, high in protein, and low in carbohydrates.

b. soft textured and high in energy.

c. high in protein, high in carbohydrates, and high in fat.

d. adequate in calories, low in sodium, and soft textured.

24. Of the following, a food item that may be restricted in the patient with cirrhosis is

a. apple slices.

b. orange sherbet.

c. hotdog.

d. peas.

25. The primary objective of treatment of hepatic encephalopathy is to

a. encourage the patient to eat.

b. feed the patient parenterally to give the liver a rest.

c. remove sources of excess ammonia.

d. encourage the patient to exercise and maintain mental functions.

26. Bile is produced by the

a. gallbladder.

b. pancreas.

c. liver.

d. intestine.

27. The most important function of the gallbladder is to

a. produce bile.

b. synthesize cholesterol.

c. release lipase enzymes.

d. concentrate and store bile.

28. The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder is called

a. cholecystitis.

b. cholelithiasis.

c. cholecystectomy.

d. cholecystokinin.

29. A clinical symptom of gallbladder inflammation or gallstones is

a. pain and distention after eating.

b. jaundice.

c. anorexia.

d. weakness and apathy.

30. Nutrition therapy for gallbladder disorders includes

a. reducing cholesterol intake.

b. eliminating gas-forming foods.

c. lowering fat intake.

d. increasing caloric intake.