21) Tay-Sachs disease results from the accumulation of fatty deposits within neurons, when normally they should be broken down within these cells. The organelle that would be defective in Tay-Sachs would most likely be the:

A) lysosome.

B) Golgi complex.

C) ribosome.

D) endoplasmic reticulum.

E) mitochondrion.

22) Animal cells need oxygen most directly to:

A) produce ATP.

B) secrete enzymes.

C) produce DNA.

D) produce protein.

23) The most common form of cystic fibrosis, a fatal genetic disease, occurs when a protein destined for the plasma membrane of the cell is destroyed. The protein is destroyed by one of the cell’s organelles because the protein is not shaped correctly. Which organelle recognizes the misshaped protein?

A) nucleus

B) lysosome

C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

D) Golgi complex

E) ribosome

24) People with oxidative phosphorylation disorders suffer a lack of energy that can lead to diminished function of nerve and muscle cells. The organelle most likely to be altered in oxidative phosphorylation disorders is the:

A) chloroplast.

B) cytoskeleton.

C) cell wall.

D) mitochondrion.

E) rough endoplasmic reticulum.

25) The 1992 film Lorenzo’s Oil told the true story of Lorenzo Odone who suffered from the disease adrenoleukodystrophy. This disease affected an organelle in his cells called a peroxisome. The peroxisome lacked an enzyme that controls the breakdown of a long chain fatty acid that resulted in a buildup of the fatty acid in his brain and spinal cord. The function of peroxisomes must be similar to the function of what other organelle?

A) mitochondrion

B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C) lysosome

D) Golgi complex

E) chloroplast

26) Smoker’s cough results from damage to the external structure of lung cells by tobacco smoke. What part of the cell would you predict is damaged?

A) the Golgi complex

B) plasmodesmata

C) the mitochondria

D) cilia

E) the lysosome

27) What maintains cell shape, anchors organelles in place, and moves materials within a cell?

A) cytoskeleton

B) hydrogen bonds

C) cilia

D) Golgi complex

28) The cytoskeleton is composed of:

A) microtubules, intermediate filaments, and cilia.

B) microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

C) microfilaments, microtubules, and lysosomes.

D) microfilaments, cilia, and intermediate filaments.

E) microfilaments, mitochondria, and intermediate filaments.

29) Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

A) intermediate filaments–actin

B) microfilaments–permanent

C) microtubules–tubulin

D) endomembrane system–cilia

30) Both cilia and flagella are involved in which of the following functions?

A) energy production

B) production of proteins

C) movement of cells or movement of material around a cell

D) expelling waste

E) division of the cell