21.  The inner layer of Bowman’s capsule consists of specialized cells called  
A.  nephrons.
B.  podocytes.
C.  nephrocytes.
D.  juxtamedullary cells.
E.  macula densa.

22.  The openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called  
A.  fenestrae.
B.  gap junctions.
C.  filtration slits.
D.  macula densa.
E.  membrane channels.

23.  Filtration slits is the name given to the  
A.  points where the afferent arterioles enter the renal corpuscle.
B.  openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries.
C.  gaps between the podocyte processes in the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule.
D.  basement membrane of the glomerular endothelium.
E.  active transport channels.

24.  An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the  
A.  glomerulus.
B.  renal artery.
C.  macula densa.
D.  efferent arteriole.
E.  arcuate artery.

25.  The filtration membrane consists of the  
A.  capillary epithelium, podocytes, and macula densa.
B.  podocytes, basement membrane, and macula densa.
C.  basement membrane, capillary epithelium, and macula densa.
D.  parietal layer and visceral layer.
E.  podocytes, capillary endothelium, and basement membrane.

26.  Choose the term that does not belong.  
A.  glomerulus
B.  macula densa
C.  juxtaglomerular cells
D.  juxtaglomerular apparatus
E.  afferent arteriole

27.  The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of  
A.  juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa.
B.  podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells.
C.  the macula densa and the filtration membrane.
D.  juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane.
E.  glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.

28. The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the 
A. glomerulus.
B. ascending loop of Henle.
C. distal convoluted tubule.
D. proximal convoluted tubule.
E. descending loop of Henle.

29. The renal corpuscle connects to the 
A. loop of Henle.
B. collecting duct.
C. distal convoluted tubule.
D. renal convoluted tubule.
E. proximal convoluted tubule.

30. Which of the following is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules? 
A. the glomerulus
B. the loop of Henle
C. the distal convoluted tubule
D. the proximal convoluted tubule
E. collecting duct