21. The intermediate reaction refers to the conversion of

A. acetyl CoA into pyruvate.

B. pyruvate to acetyl CoA.

C. pyruvate to glucose.

D. acetyl CoA to glucose.

22. When is lactate produced?

A. when there is an abundance of oxygen

B. when oxygen is lacking

C. when acetyl CoA is abundant

D. when acetyl CoA is lacking

23. During glycolysis, ________ ATPs are formed.

A. 2

B. 4

C. 6

D. 8

24. Which of the following is the most concentrated source of energy?

A. fatty acids

B. glycerol

C. glucose

D. amino acids

25. Fatty acids are broken down into ________ carbon fragments that are ultimately converted to acetyl CoA.

A. 2

B. 4

C. 6

D. 8

26. Glycerol is considered ________ and fatty acids are considered ________.

A. glucogenic; ketogenic

B. ketogenic; glucogenic

C. ketogenic; ketogenic

D. glucogenic; glucogenic

27. Amino acids can be

A. used to produce energy.

B. used to form glucose.

C. converted to fatty acids.

D. all of the above

28. Which of the following compounds does acetyl CoA combine with to begin the TCA cycle?

A. citrate

B. pyruvate

C. oxaloacetate

D. GTP

29. Which of the following metabolic stages generates the majority of ATP produced in the body?

A. glycolysis

B. TCA cycle

C. electron transport chain

D. intermediate reaction

30. What are protein complexes that pass electrons called?

A. cytochromes

B. flavoproteins

C. ketoglutarate

D. A and B