31) Individuals with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU) should NOT consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. Why?

A) People with PKU are highly prone to development of diabetes.

B) People with PKU are allergic to the sweetener.

C) People with PKU experience severe headaches when they consume aspartame.

D) People with PKU cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.

32) Individuals with which untreated disease are at risk for developing ketoacidosis?

A) hypertension

B) diabetes

C) diverticulitis

D) heart disease

33) The richest dietary source of resistant starch is

A) fruit.

B) vegetables.

C) legumes.

D) whole grains.

34) Meat is NOT a good dietary source of glycogen. Why?

A) Glycogen is resistant to intestinal enzymes and cannot be broken down by the human digestive tract.

B) Most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered.

C) The highly branched structure of glycogen is difficult for human digestive enzymes to break apart.

D) Glycogen is a protein and will be broken down by the human digestive tract before it is absorbed in the small intestine.

35) The insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell walls is

A) lignan.

B) pectin.

C) mucilage.

D) cellulose.

36) Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in maintaining blood glucose levels?

A) insulin

B) thyroxin

C) glucagon

D) epinephrine

37) Up to what percentage of a person’s total energy intake should carbohydrates make up, based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?

A) 15%

B) 30%

C) 65%

D) 70%

38) The term “enriched” on a food label signifies that

A) the nutrients in the food were lost during processing and then added back in.

B) nutrients were added to the food that did not originally exist in the food.

C) nutrients were added to the food that have additional health benefits beyond those naturally found in the food.

D) the food was processed without any artificial additives.

39) Mikayla’s doctor has suggested that she increase the fiber content of her diet. Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Mikayla?

A) Drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day.

B) Purchase bread and grain products in which the first ingredient listed is “whole grain.”

C) Add additional fiber by taking fiber supplements each day.

D) Avoid excessive amounts of fiber as this could result in bloating and gas.

40) Which of the following artificial sweeteners is made from sucrose?

A) aspartame

B) sucralose

C) acesulfame-K

D) saccharine