31) The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about:

A) 500 mL

B) 1200 mL

C) 2100 mL

D) 4800 mL

E) 6000 mL

32) Carbon dioxide dissolves in blood plasma for transport as:

A) carbohemoglobin

B) bicarbonate ion

C) oxyhemoglobin

D) carbon monoxide

E) deoxyhemoglobin

33) Oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the blood to form:

A) bicarbonate ion

B) oxyhemoglobin

C) carbonic acid

D) carbon dioxide

E) plasma

34) The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the skin and mucosa is called:

A) cyanosis

B) xanthosis

C) melanosis

D) albinism

E) erythema

35) Where are the respiratory centers housed which control involuntary breathing rates:

A) hypothalamus and thalamus

B) cerebellum and occipital lobe

C) midbrain and medulla

D) medulla and pons

E) thalamus and corpus callosum

36) Cessation of breathing is called:

A) apnea

B) dyspnea

C) eupnea

D) hyperpnea

E) tachypnea

37) Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves:

A) extremely deep breathing

B) extremely fast breathing

C) extremely slow breathing

D) intermittent breathing

E) irregular breathing

38) Hyperventilation leads to all of the following except:

A) brief periods of apnea

B) cyanosis

C) dizziness

D) fainting

E) buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

39) The most important chemical stimulus leading to increased rate and depth of breathing is:

A) decreased oxygen level in the blood

B) increased blood pH

C) increased carbon dioxide in the blood

D) increased hydrogen ion in the blood

E) decreased carbon dioxide in the blood

40) Which one of the following is NOT a feature of COPD:

A) most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD

B) dyspnea becomes progressively more severe

C) frequent pulmonary infections are common

D) most COPD victims are hypoxic

E) most patients have a history of smoking