31. The primary nursing intervention to prevent bacterial endocarditis is to:

a. institute measures to prevent dental procedures.

b. counsel parents of high-risk children about prophylactic antibiotics.

c. observe children for complications, such as embolism and heart failure.

d. encourage restricted mobility in susceptible children.

32. Which is a common, serious complication of rheumatic fever?

a. Seizures

b. Cardiac arrhythmias

c. Pulmonary hypertension

d. Cardiac valve damage

33. The nurse is conducting a staff in-service on childhood-acquired heart diseases. Which is a major clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever?

a. Polyarthritis

b. Osler nodes

c. Janeway spots

d. Splinter hemorrhages of distal third of nails

34. The nurse is admitting a child with rheumatic fever. Which therapeutic management should the nurse expect to implement?

a. Administering penicillin

b. Avoiding salicylates (aspirin)

c. Imposing strict bed rest for 4 to 6 weeks

d. Administering corticosteroids if chorea develops

35. Which action by the school nurse is important in the prevention of rheumatic fever?

a. Encourage routine cholesterol screenings.

b. Conduct routine blood pressure screenings.

c. Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures.

d. Recommend salicylates instead of acetaminophen for minor discomforts.

36. When discussing hyperlipidemia with a group of adolescents, the nurse should explain that cardiovascular disease can be prevented by high levels of:

a. cholesterol.

b. triglycerides.

c. low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).

d. high-density lipoproteins (HDLs).

37. Which is the leading cause of death after heart transplantation?

a. Infection

b. Rejection

c. Cardiomyopathy

d. Heart failure

38. When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease, the nurse should know which information?

a. A child’s fever is usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours.

b. The principal area of involvement is the joints.

c. Aspirin is contraindicated.

d. Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and aspirin.

39. The nurse is teaching nursing students about shock that occurs in children. One of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children is:

a. sepsis.

b. blood loss.

c. anaphylaxis.

d. congenital heart disease.

40. Which type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with drug or latex allergy?

a. Neurogenic

b. Cardiogenic

c. Hypovolemic

d. Anaphylactic