31) Which of the following is an example of a physical barrier, an innate defense mechanism?

A) secretions of sebaceous glands

B) fixed macrophages

C) perforins

D) cytokines

E) histamine and heparin

32) Which of the following is the “first line of cellular defense” against foreign compounds or pathogens?

A) T cells

B) B cells

C) NK cells

D) phagocytes

E) plasma cells

33) Which cell population plays a pivotal role in the process of inflammation?

A) monocytes

B) NK cells

C) cytokines

D) complement proteins

E) mast cells

34) The ability of certain phagocytes to move through the wall of a capillary is called ________.

A) inflammation

B) diapedesis

C) chemotaxis

D) necrosis

E) immunological escape

35) The ability of certain cells to respond to chemicals in their environment is called ________.

A) chemotaxis

B) complement

C) necrosis

D) phagocytosis

E) regeneration

36) ________ are macrophages found in and around blood channels in the liver.

A) Mast cells

B) Monocytes

C) Microglia

D) Kupffer cells

E) Neutrophils

37) Virus-infected cells release

A) complement.

B) heparin.

C) interferon.

D) pyrogens.

E) perforins.

38) Interferons may be described as

A) products of the inflammatory response.

B) phagocytic cells.

C) an example of complement proteins.

D) coordinators of local defense activities.

E) pyrogenic cells.

39) During inflammation, clotting does not occur at the actual site of injury due to the presence of ________.

A) pus

B) pyrogens

C) histamine

D) heparin

E) perforins

40) Which is the action of histamine?

A) releases digestive enzymes that destroy the injured cells and then attacks the surrounding tissues

B) increases rate of metabolism

C) interferes with viral replication inside the cell

D) makes capillaries more permeable and speeds up blood flow through the area of damaged tissue

E) enhances phagocytosis