41) The chemical buffer system that includes carbonic acid and its salt, which ties up the H+ released by strong acids, is called the:

A) phosphate buffer system

B) protein buffer system

C) ionic buffer system

D) bicarbonate buffer system

E) carbonic buffer system

42) Which of these chemicals dissociates completely and liberates all the hydrogen ions when dissolved in water:

A) strong acids

B) weak acids

C) neutral substances

D) weak bases

E) strong bases

43) When carbon dioxide enters the blood from tissue cells, it is converted to __________ for transport within blood plasma.

A) sodium hydroxide

B) ammonia

C) carbonic anhydrase

D) bicarbonate ion

E) sodium bicarbonate

44) When blood pH begins to rise, the respiratory control centers in the brain are:

A) accelerated

B) depressed

C) not effected

D) shut off

E) controlled by the kidneys

45) How does the respiratory system respond to blood that has become acidic:

A) secrete more hydrogen ions

B) breathing rate increases

C) reabsorb more bicarbonate ions

D) breathing rate decreases

E) breathing stops

46) The need to get up during the night to urinate is called:

A) hypospadias

B) frequency

C) nocturia

D) urgency

E) glomerulonephritis

47) The degenerative condition in which blisterlike sacs (cysts) containing urine form on the kidneys and obstruct urine drainage is called:

A) cystitis

B) dysuria

C) hypospadias

D) epispadias

E) polycystic kidney

48) Hypospadias is a condition of male children that involves:

A) atrophied prostate

B) opening of the urethra on the ventral surface of the penis

C) cysts on the kidneys

D) closing of the foreskin over the end of the penis

E) inflammation of the glomerulus

49) The average output of urine for a normal healthy adult is:

A) 500 mL/day

B) 1000 mL/day

C) 1500 mL/day

D) 2000 mL/day

E) 2500 mL/day

50) Control of the voluntary urethral sphincter in normal children is related to:

A) intelligence

B) nervous system development

C) enzymatic regulation

D) hormone regulation

E) muscular development

51) From childhood through late middle age, one of the most common bacteria to infect and inflame the urinary tract and cause urethritis and cystitis is:

A) streptococcus

B) staphylococcus

C) Escherichia coli

D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

E) Clostridium botulinum