41) The journey of chyme through the small intestine takes:

A) 2-4 hours

B) 3-6 hours

C) 6-8 hours

D) 8-10 hours

E) 10-12 hours

42) Enzyme-rich pancreatic juice contains all the following except:

A) amylase

B) trypsin

C) nuclease

D) pancreatase

E) lipase

43) Which of the following influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile:

A) rennin and cholecystokinin

B) gastrin and rennin

C) cholecystokinin and gastrin

D) secretin and gastrin

E) cholecystokinin and secretin

44) Which one of the following is NOT absorbed by the human large intestine:

A) water

B) vitamin K

C) some of the B vitamins

D) ions

E) protein

45) The energy value of foods commonly counted by dieters is measured in units called:

A) ATP

B) calories

C) kilocalories

D) coenzymes

E) carb units

46) Which of these foods would be the most mineral-rich:

A) cookies

B) cereal

C) pasta

D) milk

E) cake

47) The process by which larger molecules or structures are built up from smaller ones is called:

A) anabolism

B) catabolism

C) metabolism

D) carbolysis

E) glycolysis

48) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced in greatest quantity during:

A) glycolysis

B) the Krebs cycle

C) protein metabolism

D) the electron transport chain

E) fat metabolism

49) Which of the following chemical reactions performed by the liver creates sugars from noncarbohydrate sources such as fats and proteins:

A) anaerobic respiration

B) glycogenolysis

C) glycogenesis

D) gluconeogenesis

E) glycolysis

50) Ketoacidosis results from the incomplete breakdown of:

A) fats

B) proteins

C) glycogen

D) nucleic acids

E) cholesterol

51) Which one of the following is NOT a main role of the liver:

A) to detoxify drugs and alcohol

B) to degrade hormones

C) to make cholesterol

D) to process nutrients during digestion

E) to add ammonia to the blood

52) Nutrients detour through the liver via the:

A) circle of Willis

B) hepatic portal circulation

C) Bowman’s capsule

D) electron transport chain

E) glycogenesis

53) Which one of the following is NOT true of cholesterol:

A) it provides energy fuel for muscle contraction

B) it serves as the structural basis of steroid hormones

C) it serves as the structural basis of vitamin D

D) it is a major building block of plasma membranes

E) only about 15 percent comes from the diet

54) The hereditary inability of tissue cells to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, which can result in brain damage and retardation unless a special diet low in phenylalanine is followed, is called:

A) cystic fibrosis

B) cleft lip

C) cleft palate

D) phenylketonuria

E) tracheoesophageal fistula

55) The reflex that helps an infant hold on to the nipple and swallow is called the:

A) rooting reflex

B) nursing reflex

C) sucking reflex

D) peristaltic reflex

E) fetal reflex