41. The nurse is planning care for a newborn receiving IV calcium gluconate for treatment of hypocalcemia. Which intervention is the most appropriate during the acute phase?

a. Allow newborn to sleep with pacifier to decrease stimuli.

b. Keep newborn awake to monitor central nervous system changes.

c. Encourage parents to hold and feed newborn to facilitate attachment during illness.

d. Awaken newborn periodically to assess level of consciousness.

42. Which is the central factor responsible for respiratory distress syndrome?

a. Deficient surfactant production

b. Overproduction of surfactant

c. Overdeveloped alveoli

d. Absence of alveoli

43. A preterm newborn of 36 weeks of gestation is admitted to the NICU. Approximately 2 hours after birth, the newborn begins having difficulty breathing, with grunting, tachypnea, and nasal flaring. Which is important for the nurse to recognize?

a. This is a normal finding.

b. This is not significant unless cyanosis is present.

c. Improvement should occur within 24 hours.

d. Further evaluation is needed.

44. The nurse is caring for a preterm newborn who requires mechanical ventilation for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. The nurse should recognize that, because of the mechanical ventilation, there is an increased risk of:

a. alveolar rupture.

b. meconium aspiration.

c. transient tachypnea.

d. retractions and nasal flaring.

45. The nurse is caring for a newborn with respiratory distress syndrome. The newborn has an endotracheal tube. Which statement describes nursing considerations related to suctioning?

a. Suctioning should not be carried out routinely.

b. Newborn should be in Trendelenburg position for suctioning.

c. Routine suctioning, usually every 15 minutes, is necessary.

d. Frequent suctioning is necessary to maintain patency of bronchi.

46. A premature newborn requires oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Which complications should the nurse assess for?

a. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pneumothorax

b. Anemia, necrotizing enterocolitis

c. Cerebral palsy, persistent patent ductus

d. Congestive heart failure, cerebral edema

47. Meconium aspiration syndrome is caused by:

a. hypoglycemia.

b. carbon dioxide retention.

c. bowel obstruction with meconium.

d. aspiration of meconium in utero or at birth.

48. Which is the most common cause of anemia in preterm newborns?

a. Frequent blood sampling

b. Respiratory distress syndrome

c. Meconium aspiration syndrome

d. Persistent pulmonary hypertension

49. A newborn is diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity. The nurse should know that:

a. blindness cannot be prevented.

b. no treatment is currently available.

c. cryotherapy and laser therapy are effective treatments.

d. long-term administration of oxygen will be necessary.

50. Several types of seizures can occur in the newborn. Which is characteristic of clonic seizures?

a. Apnea

b. Tremors

c. Rhythmic jerking movements

d. Extensions of all four limbs