41) When blood glucose levels drop, which hormone brings glucose out of storage to raise blood glucose levels?

A) insulin

B) glucagon

C) glycogen

D) adrenaline

42) Secreted by the adrenal glands, the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine regulate blood glucose levels by

A) assisting transport of glucose into cells.

B) stimulating the liver to store glycogen.

C) increasing glycogen breakdown in the liver.

D) inhibiting gluconeogenesis.

43) The glycemic load of a food is determined by the grams of carbohydrate it contains multiplied by its

A) weight.

B) protein content.

C) fat content.

D) glycemic index.

44) Aspartame cannot be used to prepare cooked foods because

A) heat destroys its flavor.

B) its amino acids form ketones.

C) its glycemic load becomes too high.

D) once it is heated, the body cannot metabolize it.

45) Foods in which nutrients are added that did not originally exist in that food are known as

A) enriched.

B) fortified.

C) genetically modified.

D) organic.

46) A lack of fiber in the diet can lead to sacs or pouches that protrude from the wall of the large intestine in the disease called

A) celiac disease.

B) Crohn’s disease.

C) colon cancer.

D) diverticulosis.

47) Ketoacidosis can result in

A) muscle growth.

B) coma and death.

C) increased storage of glycogen in muscles.

D) an increase in appetite.

48) In the diet, the nondigestible parts of plants that form the support structures of leaves, stems, and seeds are known as

A) functional fiber.

B) dietary fiber.

C) total fiber.

D) starches.

49) A high-fiber diet might help decrease blood cholesterol levels by

A) preventing ketosis.

B) keeping stools soft.

C) trapping cholesterol in pockets in the large intestine.

D) causing fiber to bind with bile and more cholesterol to be excreted.

50) The primary energy source used by the body at rest is

A) carbohydrates.

B) protein.

C) fat.

D) glycogen.

51) A condition marked by blood glucose levels that are below normal fasting levels is

A) hypoglycemia.

B) type 1 diabetes.

C) type 2 diabetes.

D) ketoacidosis.