41) Which of the following need to be included in a PCR reaction?

A) chromosomes, DNA polymerase, amino acids

B) DNA, nucleotides, DNA polymerase, primers

C) primers, DNA, restriction enzymes, plasmids

D) eggs, sperm, DNA donor cells

42) On what basis does forensic biotechnology distinguish one individual from another?

A) Different people will have different mutations in their short tandem repeats.

B) Different people will have a different number of tandem repeats at the same location in their genomes.

C) Different people will have completely different genomes.

D) A small tandem repeat in one person will be in a different location in the genome of another person.

43) Why is forensic DNA analysis an important part of biotechnology?

A) It is used to amplify small samples of DNA.

B) It is used to match two samples of DNA.

C) It is used to produce transgenic organisms.

D) It substitutes for restriction enzymes.

44) You are a crime scene investigator, and the only evidence you are able to gather at the crime scene are some strands of hair. You want to see whether a suspect in custody was at the crime scene. What technique would you use to try and connect the suspect to the crime scene?

A) PCR followed by cloning

B) cloning and transgenics

C) PCR followed by analyzing small tandem repeats

D) recombinant DNA techniques

45) Kary Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for inventing:

A) restriction enzymes.

B) DNA fingerprinting.

C) therapeutic stem cell applications.

D) the polymerase chain reaction.

46) To identify an individual through DNA analysis of his or her blood at crime scenes, investigators look for patterns based on:

A) transgenic fragments.

B) short tandem repeats in the DNA.

C) primers.

D) probes.

47) Why are short tandem repeats (STRs) used in DNA fingerprinting?

A) They are the only human genes that can be cut by restriction enzymes.

B) It is unlikely two unrelated people will have an identical number of repeats at the same location in their genomes.

C) They are exactly the same in all individuals.

D) Some individuals have them and some don’t.

48) If you found the same number of short tandem repeats at three different locations in two samples of DNA, what would you conclude?

A) The two samples were from different individuals.

B) The two samples were most likely from the same individual.

C) Both samples were from females.

D) Both samples were from males.

49) If you compared two samples of DNA at three different locations in the genome and found they had different lengths of short tandem repeats at each location, what could you conclude?

A) The two samples came from different individuals.

B) The two samples came from the same individual.

C) The two samples came from females.

D) The two samples came from males.

50) Genetically modified crops have been produced mainly to benefit:

A) consumers.

B) farmers.

C) the scientific community.

D) the United State’s ability to export agricultural products.