41) Which of the following is NOT associated with kwashiorkor?

A) flat belly and abdomen

B) fatty liver

C) loss of hair

D) weight loss and muscle wasting

42) Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of

A) carcinogens.

B) antioxidants.

C) prions.

D) vitamins B12 and D.

43) Which hormone controls both the production of hydrochloric acid and the release of pepsin?

A) insulin

B) glucagon

C) gastrin

D) pepsin

44) The enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine are

A) proteases.

B) pepsins.

C) pepsinogens.

D) phosphofructokinases.

45) The electrically charged particle that assists in maintaining the body’s fluid balance is called a(n)

A) enzyme.

B) protease.

C) hormone.

D) electrolyte.

46) The positively charged electrolyte concentrated inside the cell is potassium, and the positively charged electrolyte concentrated outside the cell is

A) oxygen.

B) sodium.

C) hydrogen.

D) nitrogen.

47) A deficiency of protein can lead to what condition in which fluid accumulates in the body’s tissue spaces?

A) edema

B) celiac disease

C) marasmus

D) acidosis

48) When a protein attracts or releases hydrogen, it acts as a

A) transporter.

B) limiter.

C) buffer.

D) hydrogenater.

49) A substance–usually a protein–that the body recognizes as a foreign invader, triggering an immune response is an

A) antibody.

B) antigen.

C) antihistamine.

D) antibiotic.

50) Which of the following is an excellent source of protein that includes foods such as kidney beans, pinto beans, black beans, soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas?

A) quorn

B) quinoa

C) nuts

D) legumes

51) The proteins responsible for helping maintain fluid balance are known as

A) proteases.

B) transport proteins.

C) buffers.

D) hormones.

52) Which of the following processes involves both the synthesis of new proteins and the breakdown of existing proteins to provide amino acids for building new proteins?

A) transcription

B) translation

C) turnover

D) acidosis