`42.  Regarding states of identity development, the state in which individuals aren’t developmentally ready to make choices is:

a.identity diffusion.

b.identity foreclosure.

c.identity moratorium.

d.identity achievement.

43.  Regarding states of identity development, the state in which individuals adopt the positions of others, such as parents, is:

a.identity diffusion.

b.identity foreclosure.

c.identity moratorium.

d.identity achievement.

44.Which of the following statements most accurately defines sexual identity?

a.Students’ self-constructed definition of who they are with respect to gender orientation

b.The gender to which an individual is romantically and sexually attracted

c.A cognitive appraisal of an individual’s ability to attract a member of the opposite sex

d.An emotional sense of their romantic and sexual self-worth

45.  Research suggests that homosexuals go through a three-phased sequence in attempting to understand their sexuality.  The first phase of this sequence is:

a.feeling angry.

b.feeling different.

c.feeling confused.

d.feeling acceptance.

46.Research indicates that homosexual students are at greater risk for problems ranging from depression and substance abuse to suicide. Which of the following is a major contributor to these problems?

a.Teachers’ indifference

b.Homosexual students’ low self-concepts

c.Ineffective parenting

d.Peer harassment

47.Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between self-concept and self- esteem?

a.Self-concept is an emotional reaction to the self, whereas self-esteem is a cognitive appraisal of one’s competence.

b.Self-esteem is an emotional reaction to the self, whereas self-concept is a cognitive appraisal of one’s competence.

c.Self-concept describes individuals’ perceptions of their self-worth, whereas self-esteem describes individuals’ perception of their identity.

d.Self-concept and self-esteem are synonymous, and the two terms can be used interchangeably.

48.  Of the following, which most accurately describes the relationship between general self-concept and academic achievement?

a.There is a strong positive relationship between the two.

b.There is a weak positive relationship between the two.

c.There is virtually no relationship between the two.

d.There is a weak negative relationship between the two.

49.  Of the following, which most accurately describes the relationship between social self-concept and academic achievement?

a.There is a strong positive relationship between the two.

b.There is a weak positive relationship between the two.

c.There is a weak negative relationship between the two.

d.There is virtually no relationship between the two.

50.  Of the following, which two are most strongly related?

a.General self-concept and holistic academic achievement

b.Social self-concept and socially based academic achievement

c.Academic self-concept and academic achievement

d.Specific subject-matter self-concept and specific academic achievement

51.  According to research, which of the following approaches to improving students’ self-concepts is most effective?

a.Design an unstructured program where students determine their own goals.

b.Design a structured program in which students experience genuine progress toward academic goals.

c.Design a structured program in which major emphasis is placed on interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence.

d.Design a program in which students are involved in activities designed to improve self-esteem.