51.“Children come to school for more than just academics.  Some of these kids come here to be part of a home, a community.  Part of our job as teachers is to make it a safe place to be.”

Essay Items

52.  “Timeout,” or the removal of a student from the body of the class, has been demonstrated as an effective deterrent for inappropriate behavior.  Explain why “timeout” works on the basis of humanistic theories of motivation.

53.  Research indicates that specific praise (praise that not only tells the learner that the answer was commendable, but also identifies what about the answer made it commendable) is superior to general praise (praise that merely notes that the answer was commendable).  Which view of motivation—behaviorist, cognitive, or humanistic—would best explain why specific praise is preferable to general praise?  Explain why.

The Influence of Needs on Motivation

54.An internal force or drive to attain or to avoid a certain state or object is best described as a:

a.goal.

b.need.

c.expectation.

d.belief.

55.In Maslow’s hierarchy, which of the following is a deficiency need?

a.The need for competence

b.The need for autonomy

c.The need for safety

d.The need for self-actualization

56.  Butler Elementary School provides free breakfast for children from low SES families. Of the following, which best explains why providing the breakfast is important for learner motivation?

a.It establishes the expectation that school will be an inviting place to study.

b.It reinforces students for behaving properly and following school rules and procedures.

c.It helps create the perception of a learning community in the classroom.

d.It meets a survival need according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

57.According to Maslow, which of the following is a growth need?

a.The need for self-esteem

b.The need for self-actualization

c.The need to preserve a sense of self-worth

d.The need for autonomy