71.How many grams of nitrogen are contained in a 2500-kcalorie diet that provides 15 percent of the energy as protein?

a.2.5 g

b.5 g

c.10 g

d.15 g

72.When nitrogen taken into the body exceeds nitrogen losses, we say the person is in which of the following states?

a.a healthy state

b.nitrogen equilibrium

c.positive nitrogen balance

d.negative nitrogen balance

73.Which of the following values defines protein turnover?

a.the sum of protein in food and the body

b.the sum of protein synthesis and degradation

c.the amount of protein absorbed from the diet

d.the amount of protein used to synthesize glucose

74.What is the amino acid pool?

a.the total amino acid content derived from a 24-hour dietary intake

b.a measure of the circulating essential amino acid levels available for protein synthesis

c.the total amount of free amino acids in the circulation destined for deamination and excretion

d.a mix of essential and nonessential amino acids derived from protein breakdown and dietary protein intake

75.Which of the following describes the state of nitrogen balance for a normal, healthy 35-year-old person who weighs 60 kg and consumes a diet that provides 75 g of protein and adequate energy?

a.equilibrium

b.positive balance

c.negative balance

d.endogenous balance

76.The body’s amino acid pool consists of which of the following groups?

a.essential amino acids only

b.endogenous amino acids only

c.nonessential amino acids only

d.both essential and nonessential amino acids

77.What is the nitrogen balance of a person who consumed a 3500-kcalorie diet containing 10 percent protein and excreted a total of 12 g of nitrogen?

a.0 g

b.-2-3 g

c.-2-1 g

d.+2 g

78.Which of the following terms would describe the state of nitrogen balance of a person who ingested 16 g of food nitrogen and lost 19 g of nitrogen?

a.equilibrium

b.positive balance

c.negative balance

d.exogenous balance

79.What is the usual state of nitrogen balance for healthy infants, children, and pregnant women?

a.equilibrium

b.metabolic

c.positive

d.negative

80.What is meant by protein turnover?

a.nitrogen equilibrium

b.the antibody-antigen complex

c.the synthesis and degradation of body proteins

d.the secondary structure of proteins that initiates folding