71) Opsonization, the process in which some pathogens are coated with antibodies and complement proteins, is representative of which antibody function?

A) activation of complement

B) agglutination

C) neutralization

D) enhancement of phagocytosis

E) stimulation of inflammation

72) What is the function of IgG antibodies?

A) They play a role in the activation of B cells.

B) They attack pathogens before they enter the body tissues.

C) They are responsible for defense against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins.

D) They accelerate inflammation upon exposure to antigens.

E) They are responsible for cross reactions between incompatible blood types.

73) Which of the following functions to attack pathogens before they enter body tissues?

A) IgA

B) IgD

C) IgE

D) IgF

E) IgM

74) Which of the following stimulates the production of blood cells in red bone marrow and of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues and organs?

A) Il-1

B) TNFs

C) Tc cells

D) B cells

E) CSFs

75) The ________ form the base of a typical antibody molecule.

A) variable segments of the heavy chains

B) constant segments of the light chains

C) variable segments of the light chains

D) constant segments of the heavy chains

E) constant and variable segments of the light and heavy chains

76) The clumping of red blood cells, which occurs when incompatible blood types are mixed, is an example of ________.

A) agglutination

B) opsonization

C) sensitization

D) precipitation

E) immunological surveillance

77) IgG antibodies

A) are found in glandular secretions.

B) bind antigens in the extracellular fluid to B cells.

C) stimulate the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals.

D) are the first antibody type secreted, following initial exposure to an antigen.

E) can also cross the placenta and provide passive immunity to the fetus.

78) During the secondary response to antigens following a previous initial exposure,

A) IgM molecules first appear in the bloodstream, followed by a slow rise in IgG.

B) an immediate rise in IgG concentrations occurs.

C) the antigen must first activate the appropriate B cells.

D) the antibody levels do not peak until one to two weeks after antigen exposure.

E) memory B cells do not differentiate into plasma cells.

79) IgD antibodies

A) decline in levels as IgG production accelerates.

B) are important in the allergic response.

C) are the anti-Rh antibodies produced by Rh-negative mothers.

D) attack bacteria insensitive to IgG.

E) bind antigens in the extracellular fluid to B cells.

80) Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are defined as

A) immunodeficiency diseases.

B) characteristics of AIDS.

C) allergies.

D) characteristics of HIV infection.

E) common in the elderly.