71) The mechanism for regulating pH that plays only a : 1200393.
71) The mechanism for regulating pH that plays only a supporting role in the ECF but is quite important in pH control of the ICF is
A) protein buffers.
B) the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system.
C) the phosphate buffer system.
D) changes in the rate and depth of breathing.
E) metabolic generation.
72) Which organ system(s) is(are) particularly sensitive to pH changes?
A) endocrine and digestive systems
B) reproductive and endocrine systems
C) cardiovascular system
D) endocrine system
E) nervous and cardiovascular systems
73) Which is an important compound in body fluids, one that dissociates to produce hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions?
A) carbonic acid
B) fatty acid
C) amino acid
D) ketone bodies
E) lactic acid
74) A person who is suffering from bouts of repeated vomiting may risk developing a serious case of ________.
A) respiratory acidosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) nephritis
D) respiratory alkalosis
E) metabolic alkalosis
75) Any condition accompanied by severe kidney damage can result in ________, the second most common acid-base disorder.
A) metabolic acidosis
B) metabolic alkalosis
C) respiratory acidosis
D) respiratory alkalosis
E) pyelonephritis
76) Organic acids, or metabolic acids, are generated during the normal process of ________.
A) metabolism
B) metabolic generation of water
C) exhalation
D) reabsorption
E) active secretion
77) The most important factor affecting the pH of body fluids is the concentration of
A) lactic acid.
B) ketone bodies.
C) organic acids.
D) carbon dioxide.
E) hydrochloric acid.
78) Hypoventilation is usually the cause of
A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.
E) hyponatremia.
79) Acid-base balance exists when
A) there is a balance between the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the kidneys.
B) the amount of water gain equals the amount of water loss.
C) protein intake equals protein excretion.
D) the net gain in sodium ions equals its net loss.
E) the production of hydrogen ions is equal to their loss.
80) In response to respiratory alkalosis,
A) the respiratory rate increases.
B) the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are further stimulated.
C) the kidneys conserve bicarbonate.
D) the kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions.
E) the respiratory rate decreases.
81) What is the primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system?
A) buffer the pH of the ICF
B) contribute to the regulation of pH in both the ECF and ICF
C) provide extensive buffering capability in the ICF of active cells
D) prevent pH changes caused by organic (metabolic) acids
E) provide the use of amino acid side groups in response to pH changes, by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions
82) If pH increases in a protein buffer system, which of the following is most likely to occur?
A) The amino group of the amino acid accepts an additional hydrogen ion.
B) Carbon dioxide is converted to carbonic acid.
C) The carboxyl group of the amino acid dissociates, releasing a hydrogen ion.
D) In solution, dihydrogen phosphate reversibly dissociates into a hydrogen ion and monohydrogen phosphate.
E) Carbonic acid dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions.
71) The mechanism for regulating pH that plays only a : 1200393
