76.If a test could hypothetically be administered several times to the same group of students, and an individual’s scores were averaged for all the times the test was taken, this average would be an estimate of the individual’s:

a.norm-referenced score.

b.median score.

c.true score.

d.z-score.

77.The range of scores within which an individual’s true score is likely to fall is called:

a.the standard deviation.

b.the true score range.

c.the stanine score.

d.the standard error of measurement.

78.Another name for standard error of measurement is:

a.percentile band.

b.standard deviation.

c.range.

d.confidence interval.

79.Don and Kathy both take a standardized test (the same test) that has a standard error of 4.  Don scores a 36 on the test, and Kathy scores a 42.  Based on the information in the example, which of the following is the most accurate statement?

a.Kathy’s true score is higher than Don’s, since her score is more than 4 points higher than his.

b.Don’s true score could be higher than Kathy’s.

c.Kathy’s true score is likely to be between 42 and 46.

d.Don’s true score is likely to be between 34 and 38.

80.John has a score of 34 on an achievement test.  Raul has a score of 39.  The standard error of measurement is 2.  The teacher should conclude that:

a.John’s true score is probably equal to Raul’s.

b.John’s true score might be higher than Raul’s.

c.Raul probably has a higher true score on this test than John.

d.No conclusion about the students’ true scores can be drawn from the given information.

Essay Items

81.  Following are standardized test scores for Beth and Anne, two fifth-grade students:

In math, Anne has a percentile rank of 45, a stanine of 7 in science, a grade-equivalent score of 8.5 in reading and a percentile rank of 68. On problem solving, she had a raw score of 72. In social studies, she received a percentile score of 78. Her overall z-score is 1.2.

Beth has a T-score of 40 overall. She has a raw score of 81 in math, a percentile rank of 54 in science. In reading, she has a grade equivalent for 2.8 and a percentile rank of 31. On problem solving, she had a percentile rank of 38. In social studies her stanine score was 3.

You are preparing for teacher conferences with Anne and Beth’s parents. For each child, first, explain each individual subject area score. Second, provide an overall assessment of the student. Finally, make recommendations to the parent regarding how they can assist their child.