81) ________ develop(s) when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues.

A) Autoimmune disorders

B) Immediate hypersensitivity

C) Anaphylaxis

D) Immunodeficiency diseases

E) Immune complex disorders

82) ________ is the ability to produce a normal immune response upon exposure to an antigen.

A) Versatility

B) Complement activation

C) Neutralization

D) Specificity

E) Immunological competence

83) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________, which leads to clinical problems.

A) B cells

B) plasma cells

C) cytotoxic T cells

D) helper T cells

E) suppressor T cells

84) Which of the following is an example of autoimmune disease?

A) AIDS

B) anaphylactic shock

C) SCID

D) immune complex disorder

E) multiple sclerosis

85) Sensitization to an allergen during the initial exposure leads to the production of large quantities of ________.

A) antigen-antibody complexes

B) IgE antibodies

C) IgD antibodies

D) opsonins

E) Tc cells

86) Which of the following is an example of a Type IV allergy?

A) itchy rash that follows exposure to or contact with poison ivy

B) hay fever

C) anaphylaxis

D) cross reactions that occur following the transfusion of an incompatible blood type

E) phagocytosis cannot remove antigen-antibody complexes, leading to inflammation and tissue damage

87) Why does the risk of cancer increase in AIDS patients?

A) Suppressor T cell activity resets the normal immune response.

B) Immunological surveillance is depressed.

C) Cell-mediated immunity is enhanced.

D) There is an increase in the circulating antibody levels.

E) The virus enters human leukocytes by receptor-mediated endocytosis.

88) With advancing age, the immune system

A) becomes more effective at combating disease.

B) remains the same and is not affected by the aging process.

C) has alternating periods of efficacy.

D) becomes less effective at combating disease.

E) becomes more responsive to antigens.

89) Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include

A) T cells becoming less responsive to antigens.

B) more cytotoxic T cells responding to infections.

C) increased numbers of T helper cells.

D) higher levels of antibodies after initial exposure to antigens.

E) enlargement of the thymus and increased levels of circulating thymic hormones.

90) The increased incidence of cancer in the elderly reflects the fact that

A) immune surveillance increases.

B) tumor cells are eliminated effectively.

C) their diets do not meet nutritional standards.

D) everyone is prone to disease.

E) immune surveillance declines with age.