91.For events of less than 1 hour, benefit from sports drinks is likely due to which of the following?

a.psychological advantage.

b.prevention of sodium depletion.

c.provision of  fuel to enhance performance.

d.prevention of dehydration.

92.In training to run a marathon this summer, you want to determine how much fluid to drink during training sessions. Your weight at the beginning of every training session is 70 kg. At the end of every training session you weigh 68 kg. How many cups of fluid are necessary replenish these losses?

a.500 mL

b.1,000 mL

c.1,500 mL

d.2,000 mL

93.How can water loss from the body be quickly estimated at the end of a physical activity?

a.Multiply body weight (kg) by 1 percent to determine litres of water loss.

b.Multiply duration of activity (min) by body weight (kg) to determine millilitres of water loss.

c.Subtract air temperature (°C) from body weight (kg) and then multiply by 5 to determine millilitres of water loss.

d.Take the difference in body weight (kg) before and after the event and multiply by 1to determine litres of water loss.

94.What is the minimum amount of fluid that an athlete should drink for each half kilogram of body weight lost during an activity?

a.0.25 L

b.0.5 L

c.1 L

d.2 L

95.Hyponatremia refers to low blood levels of which of these nutrients?

a.water

b.sodium

c.glucose

d.potassium

96.Which of the following strategies is recommended to replace sodium losses during a prolonged event, such as a marathon?

a.consume salt tablets during the event.

b.eat pretzels during the second half of the event.

c.consume conventional sports drinks during the event.

d.consume diluted fruit juice during the event.

97.John is inclined to sweat heavily and has experienced heat cramps in the past.  What would be his best choice for fluid replacement during a five hour cycling race next summer?

a.a standard commercial sports drink throughout

b.water for the first three hours and a standard commercial sports drink for the remainder of the event

c.a high sodium commercial sports drink

d.vitamin-enhanced water

98.Which of the following is a benefit of glucose polymer sports drinks compared with sugar-containing drinks?

a.Glucose polymer sports drinks supply more energy per gram of carbohydrate.

b.Glucose polymer sports drinks require less digestion and therefore are absorbed faster into the circulation.

c.Glucose polymer sports drinks attract less water in the GI tract and thus allow more water to remain in circulation.

d.Glucose polymer sports drinks are absorbed much more slowly and therefore provide a more even carbohydrate load to the body.

99.How long must an athlete exercise before sports drinks begin to provide a physiological advantage over plain water?

a.15 minutes

b.60 minutes

c.1½ hours

d.3 hours

100.What percentage of carbohydrate concentration in sports drinks is optimal for the endurance athlete?

a.1–2 percent

b.3-5 percent

c.6–8 percent

d.15–20 percent