MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A chest radiograph film is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The child’s parent asks the nurse, “What will the radiograph show about the heart?” The nurse’s response should be based on knowledge that the x-ray film will show:

a. bones of chest but not the heart.

b. measurement of electrical potential generated from heart muscle.

c. permanent record of heart size and configuration.

d. computerized image of heart vessels and tissues.

2. The nurse is assessing a child after a cardiac catheterization. Which complication should the nurse be assessing for?

a. Cardiac arrhythmia

b. Hypostatic pneumonia

c. Heart failure

d. Rapidly increasing blood pressure

3. José is a 4-year-old child scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Preoperative teaching should be:

a. directed at his parents because he is too young to understand.

b. detailed in regard to the actual procedures so he will know what to expect.

c. done several days before the procedure so that he will be prepared.

d. adapted to his level of development so that he can understand.

4. Which explanation regarding cardiac catheterization is appropriate for a preschool child?

a. Postural drainage will be performed every 4 to 6 hours after the test.

b. It is necessary to be completely “asleep” during the test.

c. The test is short, usually taking less than 1 hour.

d. When the procedure is done, you will have to keep your leg straight for at least 4 hours.

5. The nurse is caring for a school-age child who has had a cardiac catheterization. The child tells the nurse that the bandage is “too wet.” The nurse finds the bandage and bed soaked with blood. The most appropriate initial nursing action is to:

a. notify physician.

b. apply new bandage with more pressure.

c. place the child in Trendelenburg position.

d. apply direct pressure above catheterization site.

6. The nurse is preparing an adolescent for discharge after a cardiac catheterization. Which statement by the adolescent would indicate a need for further teaching?

a. “I should avoid tub baths but may shower.”

b. “I have to stay on strict bed rest for 3 days.”

c. “I should remove the pressure dressing the day after the procedure.”

d. “I may attend school but should avoid exercise for several days.”

7. Surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus would:

a. stop the loss of unoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation.

b. decrease the edema in legs and feet.

c. increase the oxygenation of blood.

d. prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.

8. Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow?

a. Pulmonic stenosis

b. Tricuspid atresia

c. Atrial septal defect

d. Transposition of the great arteries

9. The nurse is conducting a staff in-service on congenital heart defects. Which structural defect constitutes tetralogy of Fallot?

a. Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

b. Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

c. Aortic stenosis, atrial septal defect, overriding aorta, left ventricular hypertrophy

d. Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy

10. A nurse is teaching nursing students the physiology of congenital heart defects. Which defect results in decreased pulmonary blood flow?

a. Atrial septal defect

b. Tetralogy of Fallot

c. Ventricular septal defect

d. Patent ductus arteriosus