MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.How do experience and biological processes affect human development?

a.Experience produces change through maturation, and biological processes produce change through learning.

b.Both experience and biological processes produce change through learning.

c.Experience produces change through learning, and biological processes produce change through maturation.

d.Both experience and biological processes produce change through maturation.

2.What are the two major underlying processes that interact to determine the development of the individual?

a.maturation and recapitulation

b.growth and learning

c.learning and maturation

d.recapitulation and growth

3.Which of the following is an example of developmental change that primarily reflects maturation?

a.a child taking his or her first steps at about 1 year of age

b.a child solving simple arithmetic problems in Grade 1

c.a child speaking the same language as his or her parents

d.a child becoming proficient at riding a bicycle

4.Which of the following is an example of developmental change that primarily reflects learning?

a.a child taking his or her first steps at about 1 year of age

b.a child speaking his or her first word at about 1 year of age

c.a child solving simple arithmetic problems in Grade 1

d.a child reaching sexual maturity in early adolescence

5.What is the term for the developmental process that underlies a change in response to experience?

a.maturation

b.biological process

c.learning

d.physical development

6.What is the best way to start when beginning an intervention to optimize a child’s development?

a.Determine what goals to achieve and work toward those goals.

b.Identify what is normal and determine why changes occur before trying to optimize development.

c.Set goals and develop a system of rewards and punishments.

d.Locate children who have developed optimally, so information can be compiled about their experiences.

7.A researcher videotaped preschoolers at a playground for a study of the frequency of cooperative behaviours. What was the researcher’s goal?

a.description

b.explanation

c.operationalization

d.optimization

8.Which research goal establishes the facts of development?

a.optimization

b.adaptation

c.explanation

d.description

9.Suppose that researchers find that the average Canadian infant begins to stand alone at the age of 10 months. What type of development would this be an example of?

a.psychoanalytic

b.ideographic

c.nonrepresentative

d.normative

10.How can the research goal of description be summarized?

a.as How

b.as Best

c.as What

d.as Why