MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse is teaching nursing students about normal physiologic changes in the respiratory system of toddlers. Which best describes why toddlers have fewer respiratory tract infections as they grow older?

a. The amount of lymphoid tissue decreases.

b. Repeated exposure to organisms causes increased immunity.

c. Viral organisms are less prevalent in the population.

d. Secondary infections rarely occur after viral illnesses.

2. A nurse is charting that a hospitalized child has labored breathing. Which describes labored breathing?

a. Dyspnea

b. Tachypnea

c. Hypopnea

d. Orthopnea

3. Which explains why cool-mist vaporizers rather than steam vaporizers are recommended in home treatment of childhood respiratory tract infections?

a. They are safer.

b. They are less expensive.

c. Respiratory secretions are dried.

d. A more comfortable environment is produced.

4. Decongestant nose drops are recommended for a 10-month-old infant with an upper respiratory tract infection. Instructions for nose drops should include which action?

a. Avoid using for more than 3 days.

b. Keep drops to use again for nasal congestion.

c. Administer drops until nasal congestion subsides.

d. Administer drops after feedings and at bedtime.

5. Which is an appropriate nursing intervention when caring for an infant with an upper respiratory tract infection and elevated temperature?

a. Give tepid water baths to reduce fever.

b. Encourage food intake to maintain caloric needs.

c. Have child wear heavy clothing to prevent chilling.

d. Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration.

6. The parent of an infant with nasopharyngitis should be instructed to notify the health professional if the infant displays which clinical manifestation?

a. Fussiness

b. Coughing

c. A fever over 99° F

d. Signs of an earache

7. It is generally recommended that a child with acute streptococcal pharyngitis can return to school:

a. when sore throat is better.

b. if no complications develop.

c. after taking antibiotics for 24 hours.

d. after taking antibiotics for 3 days.

8. A child is diagnosed with influenza, probably type A disease. Management includes which recommendation?

a. Clear liquid diet for hydration

b. Aspirin to control fever

c. Amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel) to reduce symptoms

d. Antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection

9. Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is differentiated from acute otitis media (AOM) because it is usually characterized by:

a. a fever as high as 40° C (104° F).

b. severe pain in the ear.

c. nausea and vomiting.

d. a feeling of fullness in the ear.

10. Parents have understood teaching about prevention of childhood otitis media if they make which statement?

a. “We will only prop the bottle during the daytime feedings.”

b. “Breastfeeding will be discontinued after 4 months of age.”

c. “We will place the child flat right after feedings.”

d. “We will be sure to keep immunizations up to date.”