MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections?

a. Respirations are abdominal.

b. Pulse and respiratory rates are slower than those in infancy.

c. Defense mechanisms are less efficient than those during infancy.

d. Toddlers have a short, straight internal ear canal and large lymph tissue.

2. The psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood include which characteristic?

a. Development of a conscience

b. Recognition of sex differences

c. Ability to get along with age-mates

d. Ability to delay gratification

3. The child of 15 to 30 months is likely to be struggling with which developmental task?

a. Trust

b. Initiative

c. Autonomy

d. Intimacy

4. A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says “no” to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. The nurse’s best interpretation of this behavior is included in which statement?

a. This is normal behavior for his age.

b. This is unusual behavior for his age.

c. He is not effectively coping with stress.

d. He is showing he needs more attention.

5. A nurse is planning care for a 17-month-old child. According to Piaget, which stage should the nurse expect the child to be in cognitively?

a. Trust

b. Preoperational

c. Secondary circular reaction

d. Tertiary circular reaction

6. Which is descriptive of a toddler’s cognitive development at age 20 months?

a. Searches for an object only if he or she sees it being hidden

b. Realizes that “out of sight” is not out of reach

c. Puts objects into a container but cannot take them out

d. Understands the passage of time, such as “just a minute” and “in an hour”

7. Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electric outlet recently, her parent finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?

a. Her cognitive development is delayed.

b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are not very developed.

c. This is typical behavior because of the inability to transfer knowledge to new situations.

d. This is not typical behavior because toddlers should know better than to repeat an act that caused pain.

8. Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?

a. This is typical behavior because toddlers are aggressive.

b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric.

c. Toddlers should know that sharing toys is expected of them.

d. Toddlers should have the cognitive ability to know right from wrong.

9. Steven, 16 months old, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and “scolds” the stairs as if they caused him to fall. This is an example of which of the following?

a. Animism

b. Ritualism

c. Irreversibility

d. Delayed cognitive development

10. Which should the nurse expect for a toddler’s language development at age 18 months?

a. Vocabulary of 25 words

b. Increasing level of comprehension

c. Use of holophrases

d. Approximately one third of speech understandable