The Development of Identity and Self-Concept

22.People’s sense of self, what their existence means, and what they want in life best describes their:

a.self-concept.

b.self-worth.

c.temperament.

d.identity.

23. People’s cognitive assessment of their physical, social, and academic competence best describes their:

a.self-concept.

b.self-worth.

c.temperament.

d.identity.

24.Of the following, which statement best describes how Erikson’s term psychosocial was derived?

a.It was derived from Erikson’s belief that psychological factors, such as personality and temperament, combined with social factors, such as emotional intelligence, to explain moral development.

b.It was derived from an integration of identity and Erikson’s belief that a primary motivation for human behavior was social and reflected a desire to connect with other people.

c.It was derived from Erikson’s belief that the individual, the microsystem, parents, and peers combined to create a fully functioning personality.

d.It was derived from Erikson’s belief that the development of a set of personal beliefs and values was essential for identity formation.

25.  According the Erikson, which of the following is the best definition of a crisis?

a.A time when mastery and success are required to enjoy feelings of competence.

b.A time when continuous love and support are needed to develop a sense of self-esteem.

c.A time when challenging activities are needed to develop feelings of self-efficacy.

d.A time when individuals are vulnerable to certain psychological challenges.

26. Which of the following describes one of Erikson’s beliefs?

a.People will remain at a certain stage until they resolve the crisis at that stage.

b.People develop socially because of qualitative changes in their thinking.

c.Despite differences in other areas, everyone has the same basic needs.

d.Resolution of a crisis results from accommodation of new experiences.

27.  Erikson identified the first psychological challenge in a person’s life as:

a.autonomy vs. shame and doubt.

b.trust vs. mistrust.

c.initiative vs. guilt.

d.industry vs. inferiority.

28.  “An exploratory and investigative attitude results from meeting and accepting challenges” characterizes which stage of psychosocial development?

a.Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

b.Initiative vs. guilt

c.Industry vs. inferiority

d.Identity vs. confusion

29.  Initiative vs. guilt for the preschool-aged child  is analogous to which stage for the elementary-aged child?

a.Identity vs. confusion

b.Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

c.Trust-mistrust

d.Industry vs. inferiority

30.  “Enjoyment of mastery and competence comes through success and recognition of accomplishments” characterizes which stage of psychosocial development?

a.Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

b.Initiative vs. guilt

c.Industry vs. inferiority

d.Identity vs. confusion

31.  According to Erikson, the crisis of identity vs. confusion typically occurs during:

a.the early elementary school years.

b.the middle school years.

c.the high school years.

d.  young adulthood.