The Influence of Beliefs on Motivation to Learn

91.A cognitive idea we accept as true without necessarily having definitive evidence to support it is best described as a(n):

a.need.

b.expectation.

c.belief.

d.goal.

92.Of the following, which is the best description of an expectation?

a.A belief about a future outcome

b.A belief about a person’s capability

c.A belief about a cause of performance

d.A belief about the effectiveness of a goal

93.“How are you going to do on the test?” Misty asks Alvenia as they walk into the classroom just before a test.

“Fine, I think. I’m generally good at solving problems, and Mr. Garcia said that this whole test would be problem solving.” Of the following, Alvenia’s comment is best explained by:

a.behaviorist views of motivation.

b.expectancy x value theory.

c.attribution theory.

d.self-determination theory.

94.Olivia loves tennis and wants very much to be a good tennis player. However, she has taken several lessons, and she is struggling to acquire the fundamentals of the game. Using the role of expectations in motivation to learn as the basis, of the following, which best describes her future motivation to learn to play tennis?

a.Her motivation will increase because she loves tennis.

b.Her motivation will increase because she wants very much to be a good tennis player.

c.Her motivation will decrease because her expectations for success have not been met.

d.Her motivation will decrease because her need for autonomy hasn’t been met.

95.Promoting motivation to learn with low achievers is particularly challenging for teachers. Using learners’ beliefs as a basis for the explanation, which of the following best explains why promoting motivation to learn with these students is so difficult?

a.Low-achieving students’ needs for relatedness are rarely met, and lack of relatedness detracts from motivation to learn.

b.Low-achieving students are often punished for misbehavior, and the punishment detracts from their motivation to learn.

c.Low-achieving students rarely get to the level of growth needs in Maslow’s hierarchy, and meeting growth needs is essential for motivation to learn.

d.Low-achieving students have a history of failure, so their expectation for success is low, and low success expectations detract from motivation to learn.

96. Of the following, which is the best description of an entity view of intelligence?

a.The belief that intelligence is essentially fixed and stable over time

b.The belief that intelligence is unstable and can be increased with effort

c.The belief that intelligence is a single trait rather than a construct composed of several factors

d.The belief that intelligence depends on a combination of factors from both heredity and the environment

97. Of the following, which is the best description of an incremental view of intelligence?

a.The belief that intelligence is essentially fixed and stable over time

b.The belief that intelligence is unstable and can be increased with effort

c.The belief that intelligence is composed of several factors as opposed to being a single trait

d.The belief that intelligence depends primarily on heredity rather than the environment

98.You have a student who has an incremental view of ability. He scores poorly on one of your tests. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely?

a.He will avoid challenging tasks in the future to protect his self-esteem.

b.He will develop a sense of learned helplessness.

c.He will view his lack of success as lack of effort and will try harder in the future.

d.He will consciously avoid trying, so he can attribute lack of success to lack of effort rather than lack of ability.

99.You have a student who has an entity view of intelligence, and he is struggling in your class. He scores poorly on one of your tests. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely?

a.He will engage in self-handicapping behaviors, such as not studying, to avoid perceptions of low ability.

b.He will seek help from you, explaining that he is struggling with your class, and that he needs help.

c.He will seek help from his peers who are succeeding in your class, since they are effective models for him.

d.He will view his lack of success as lack of effort and will try harder in the future.

  100.You have a number of students in your class who make comments indicating that they have entity views of ability. Of the following, which is likely to be most successful in helping change their beliefs about ability?

a.Explain to students that evidence indicates that intelligence can be altered with effort, and cite research saying that experience creates new neurons in the brain.

b.Model the belief that you get smarter with effort with statements such as, “I’ve been really studying Spanish, and I’m getting a little smarter in it all the time.”

c.Use some of the hard-working students in the class as examples of how work can lead to success and achievement.

d. Display students’ test scores on the board and point out that those will the highest scores are usually the ones who work the hardest.